chr2-47410209-T-C

Variant names:

• chr2-47410209-T-C
• rs63750126
• NM_000251.3:c.482T>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points: 7P and 0B. PM1 PM5 PP3_Moderate PP5

The NM_000251.3(MSH2):​c.482T>C​(p.Val161Ala) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000479 in 1,461,884 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. V161I) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 31)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000048 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MSH2 NM_000251.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:3 U:4
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.93
• Publications: 14 publications found

Genes affected

MSH2 (HGNC:7325): (mutS homolog 2) This locus is frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

MSH2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Lynch syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, ClinGen, Orphanet
• Lynch syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics
• Muir-Torre syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Orphanet, G2P
• mismatch repair cancer syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Orphanet
• mismatch repair cancer syndrome 2

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P
• ovarian cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• malignant pancreatic neoplasm

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• prostate cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• rhabdomyosarcoma

  Inheritance: AR Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• breast cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 10 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 19 benign, 27 uncertain in NM_000251.3
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr2-47410209-T-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 91104.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.933
• PP5: Variant 2-47410209-T-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr2-47410209-T-C is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 565544.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000251.3. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	MSH2	NM_000251.3	MANE Select	c.482T>C	p.Val161Ala	missense	Exon 3 of 16	NP_000242.1
	MSH2	NM_001406656.1		c.-514T>C		5_prime_UTR_premature_start_codon_gain	Exon 3 of 17	NP_001393585.1
	MSH2	NM_001406658.1		c.-837T>C		5_prime_UTR_premature_start_codon_gain	Exon 3 of 16	NP_001393587.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	MSH2	ENST00000233146.7	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.482T>C	p.Val161Ala	missense	Exon 3 of 16	ENSP00000233146.2
	MSH2	ENST00000406134.5	TSL:1	c.482T>C	p.Val161Ala	missense	Exon 3 of 16	ENSP00000384199.1
	MSH2	ENST00000645506.1		c.482T>C	p.Val161Ala	missense	Exon 3 of 17	ENSP00000495455.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000479 AC: 7 AN: 1461884 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000275 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 727242

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33480

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26134

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39696

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86258

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53420

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000629 AC: 7 AN: 1112008

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60396

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 31

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3 Uncertain:4

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Lynch syndrome 1 Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1

Dec 31, 2024

Molecular Pathology, Peter Maccallum Cancer Centre

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Aug 23, 2022

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Criteria applied: PM5,PS4_SUP,PM1_SUP,PM2_SUP,PP3

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2

May 24, 2022

Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This missense variant replaces valine with alanine at codon 161 of the MSH2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may have deleterious impact on protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold >= 0.7, PMID: 27666373). A functional study assaying the response of haploid cells expressing this variant in response to 6-thioguianine was inconclusive (PMID: 33357406). This variant has been reported in an individual affected with breast cancer(PMID: 34359559). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

May 27, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.V161A variant (also known as c.482T>C), located in coding exon 3 of the MSH2 gene, results from a T to C substitution at nucleotide position 482. The valine at codon 161 is replaced by alanine, an amino acid with similar properties. This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Based on the available evidence, the clinical significance of this variant remains unclear.

Ependymoma Pathogenic:1

Aug 23, 2022

Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

_x000D_ Criteria applied: PM5, PS4_SUP, PM1_SUP, PM2_SUP, PP3

Breast carcinoma Pathogenic:1

Aug 08, 2021

Medical Genetics Laboratory, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

invasive ductal carcinoma Estrogen receptor + Progesterone receptor + HER2 receptor -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Uncertain:1

Feb 02, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces valine, which is neutral and non-polar, with alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 161 of the MSH2 protein (p.Val161Ala). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with MSH2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 565544). Advanced modeling performed at Invitae incorporating data from internal and/or published experimental studies (PMID: 33357406) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt MSH2 function with a negative predictive value of 80%. This variant disrupts the p.Val161 amino acid residue in MSH2. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 11726306, 15849733, 17101317, 28785832). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance.

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.52
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.42	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.36
CADD	Pathogenic	27
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.90	D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.83
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.79
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	1.0	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.93	D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.21	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.93	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.87	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.8	M
PhyloP100		7.9
PrimateAI	Benign	0.40	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.8	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.92
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0020	D
Polyphen		0.97	D
Vest4		0.73
MutPred		0.80		Loss of stability (P = 0.065)
MVP		0.94
MPC		0.030
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		5.7
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.94
gMVP		0.74
Mutation Taster		=20/80	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.060		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs63750126; hg19: chr2-47637348;