chr2-47463121-C-T

Position:

• chr2-47463121-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000251.3(MSH2):​c.1477C>T​(p.Gln493Ter) variant causes a stop gained change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000137 in 1,461,668 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MSH2 NM_000251.3 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:8
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.41

Genes affected

MSH2 (HGNC:7325): (mutS homolog 2) This locus is frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 2-47463121-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr2-47463121-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 90677.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars. Variant chr2-47463121-C-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
MSH2	NM_000251.3	c.1477C>T	p.Gln493Ter	stop_gained	9/16	ENST00000233146.7

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
MSH2	ENST00000233146.7	c.1477C>T	p.Gln493Ter	stop_gained	9/16	1	NM_000251.3	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1461668 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727136

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 8.99e-7

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Submissions by phenotype

Lynch syndrome Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Mar 30, 2017	Variant summary: The MSH2 c.1477C>T (p.Gln493X) variant results in a premature termination codon, predicted to cause a truncated or absent MSH2 protein due to nonsense mediated decay, which are commonly known mechanisms for disease. Truncations downstream of this position have been classified as pathogenic by our laboratory (e.g. c.1576delA, p.Thr526fsX17; c.1705_1706delGA, p.Glu569fsX2; c.1777C>T, p.Gln593X). One in silico tool predicts a damaging outcome for this variant. This variant is absent in 121236 control chromosomes and has been reported in multiple affected individuals in the literature. In addition, multiple clinical diagnostic laboratories/reputable databases classified this variant as pathogenic. Taken together, this variant is classified as pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, reviewed by expert panel	research	International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT)	Sep 05, 2013	Coding sequence variation introducing premature termination codon -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Jan 15, 2020	This variant changes 1 nucleotide in exon 9 of the MSH2 gene, creating a premature translation stop signal. This variant is expected to result in an absent or non-functional protein product. This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Loss of MSH2 function is a known mechanism of disease (clinicalgenome.org). Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Mar 28, 2024	The p.Q493* pathogenic mutation (also known as c.1477C>T), located in coding exon 9 of the MSH2 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 1477. This changes the amino acid from a glutamine to a stop codon within coding exon 9. This pathogenic mutation has been reported in several individuals with HNPCC/Lynch syndrome (Mangold E et al. Int. J. Cancer 2005 Sep;116(5):692-702; Barrow E et al. Histopathology, 2010 Feb;56:331-44) including one person whose colorectal tumor exhibited high microsatellite instability and absence of MSH2 protein on IHC (Mangold E et al. J. Pathol. 2005 Dec;207(4):385-95). In addition to the clinical data presented in the literature, this alteration is expected to result in loss of function by premature protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. -

Carcinoma of colon Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

-

The MSH2 p.Gln493X variant was identified in 7 of 3008 proband chromosomes (frequency: 0.02) from individuals or families with HNPCC, and was not identified in 80 control chromosomes from healthy individuals (Hedge_2005, Mangold_2005, Mangold_2005). The variant was also identified in dbSNP (ID rs63750936) as “With Pathogenic Allele”; in the clinvitae and, ClinVar databases as pathogenic by InSIGHT and Ambry Genetics; in GeneInsight – COGR database as Lynch Syndrome by ARUP Laboratories; InSiGHT Colon Cancer Gene Variant Database (LOVD) 8X as Class 5; and in Mismatch Repair Genes Variant Database 3X. The variant was not identified in COSMIC, Zhejiang Colon Cancer Database (LOVD), UMD and MMR Gene Unclassified Variants Database. In addition, the variant was not identified in the 1000 Genomes Project, The NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project and the Exome Aggregation Consortium database (August 8, 2016). The variant occurs outside of the splicing consensus sequence and in silico or computational prediction software programs (SpliceSiteFinder, MaxEntScan, NNSPLICE, GeneSplicer, HumanSpliceFinder) do not predict a difference in splicing. The p.Gln493X variant leads to a premature stop codon at position 493, which is predicted to lead to a truncated or absent protein and loss of function. Loss of function variants of the MSH2 gene are an established mechanism of disease in Lynch syndrome and this is the type of variant expected to cause the disorder. In summary, based on the above information, this variant meets our laboratory’s criteria to be classified as pathogenic. -

Lynch syndrome 1 Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Aug 02, 2023

This variant is considered pathogenic. This variant creates a termination codon and is predicted to result in premature protein truncation. -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Dec 26, 2017

- -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Nov 08, 2023

This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Gln493*) in the MSH2 gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in MSH2 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 15849733, 24362816). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with Lynch syndrome (PMID: 11975096, 15849733, 16216036, 20459533, 27978560, 28514183). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 90677). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.63	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.66
CADD	Pathogenic	42
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.1
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.92
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	A;A;A
Vest4		0.97
GERP RS		5.5
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs63750936; hg19: chr2-47690260;