chr2-47475093-C-A

Position:

• chr2-47475093-C-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 3 ACMG points: 4P and 1B. PM1 PM2 BP4

The NM_000251.3(MSH2):​c.1828C>A​(p.His610Asn) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000274 in 1,461,834 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000027 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MSH2 NM_000251.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:5 B:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 1.38

Genes affected

MSH2 (HGNC:7325): (mutS homolog 2) This locus is frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). When cloned, it was discovered to be a human homolog of the E. coli mismatch repair gene mutS, consistent with the characteristic alterations in microsatellite sequences (RER+ phenotype) found in HNPCC. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 3 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a region_of_interest Interaction with EXO1 (size 70) in uniprot entity MSH2_HUMAN there are 24 pathogenic changes around while only 4 benign (86%) in NM_000251.3
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.34718186).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MSH2	NM_000251.3	c.1828C>A	p.His610Asn	missense_variant	12/16	ENST00000233146.7	NP_000242.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MSH2	ENST00000233146.7	c.1828C>A	p.His610Asn	missense_variant	12/16	1	NM_000251.3	ENSP00000233146	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000274 AC: 4 AN: 1461834 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727220

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000360

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:5 Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Lynch syndrome 1 Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Mar 22, 2023	This variant is classified as a variant of uncertain significance as there is insufficient evidence to determine its impact on protein function and/or cancer risk. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Mar 19, 2018	- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Nov 01, 2022	This missense variant replaces histidine with asparagine at codon 610 of the MSH2 protein. Computational prediction suggests that this variant may not impact protein structure and function (internally defined REVEL score threshold <= 0.5, PMID: 27666373). A methylation tolerance assay has reported that this variant conferred sensitivity similar to wild-type (PMID: 30998989). This variant does not impact MSH2 function in a 6-thioguanine sensitivity assay in haploid human cells (internally defined LOF score threshold <= -1.32, PMID: 33357406). This variant has been reported in a suspected Lynch syndrome family (PMID: 18561205). This variant has not been identified in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). The available evidence is insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease conclusively. Therefore, this variant is classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Dec 27, 2023	This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Oct 03, 2018

The H610N variant in the MSH2 gene has not been reported previously as a pathogenic variant, nor as a benign variant, to our knowledge. An ex vivo minigene assay performed by Tournier et al. (2008) did not show any effect of MSH2 His610Asn on splicing, ruling out aberrant splicing as the possible mechanism of pathogenicity. The H610N variant was not observed in approximately 6500 individuals of European and African American ancestry in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, suggesting it is not a common benign variant in these populations. This variant is a semi-conservative amino acid substitution, which may impact secondary protein structure as these residues differ in some properties. The H610N variant occurs at a position that is not conserved and is located in the lever domain and a region of interaction with MSH3/6 and EXO1 (Lützen et al., 2008). In silico analyses predict that this variant is probably damaging to protein structure and function. Based on currently available evidence, we consider H610N to be a variant of uncertain significance. -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Oct 13, 2023

This sequence change replaces histidine, which is basic and polar, with asparagine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 610 of the MSH2 protein (p.His610Asn). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with Lynch syndrome (PMID: 18561205). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 90797). Advanced modeling performed at Invitae incorporating data from internal and/or published experimental studies (PMID: 33357406) indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt MSH2 function. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change does not substantially affect MSH2 function (PMID: 30998989). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.11
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.097	D
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.10
CADD	Benign	19
DANN	Uncertain	0.98
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.73	D;.;.;.
Eigen	Benign	-0.21
Eigen_PC	Benign	-0.045
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.87	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.82	T;T;T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.063	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.35	T;T;T;T
MetaSVM	Uncertain	-0.19	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.7	L;.;.;.
MutationTaster	Benign	0.97	D;D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.61	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.3	D;D;.;D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.33
Sift	Benign	0.062	T;T;.;D
Sift4G	Benign	0.37	T;T;.;T
Polyphen		0.0010	B;.;.;B
Vest4		0.48
MutPred		0.47		Loss of catalytic residue at H610 (P = 0.2105);.;Loss of catalytic residue at H610 (P = 0.2105);Loss of catalytic residue at H610 (P = 0.2105);
MVP		0.93
MPC		0.0065
ClinPred		0.57	D
GERP RS		3.8
Varity_R		0.38
gMVP		0.65

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs267607980; hg19: chr2-47702232;