chr2-47806203-G-A

Position:

• chr2-47806203-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000179.3(MSH6):​c.3647-1G>A variant causes a splice acceptor change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
• Consequence: MSH6 NM_000179.3 splice_acceptor
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 1.000
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:9
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.41

Genes affected

MSH6 (HGNC:7329): (mutS homolog 6) This gene encodes a member of the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. In E. coli, the MutS protein helps in the recognition of mismatched nucleotides prior to their repair. A highly conserved region of approximately 150 aa, called the Walker-A adenine nucleotide binding motif, exists in MutS homologs. The encoded protein heterodimerizes with MSH2 to form a mismatch recognition complex that functions as a bidirectional molecular switch that exchanges ADP and ATP as DNA mismatches are bound and dissociated. Mutations in this gene may be associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, colorectal cancer, and endometrial cancer. Transcripts variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

FBXO11 (HGNC:13590): (F-box protein 11) This gene encodes a member of the F-box protein family which is characterized by an approximately 40 amino acid motif, the F-box. The F-box proteins constitute one of the four subunits of ubiquitin protein ligase complex called SCFs (SKP1-cullin-F-box), which function in phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. The F-box proteins are divided into 3 classes: Fbws containing WD-40 domains, Fbls containing leucine-rich repeats, and Fbxs containing either different protein-protein interaction modules or no recognizable motifs. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the Fbxs class. It can function as an arginine methyltransferase that symmetrically dimethylates arginine residues, and it acts as an adaptor protein to mediate the neddylation of p53, which leads to the suppression of p53 function. This gene is known to be down-regulated in melanocytes from patients with vitiligo, a skin disorder that results in depigmentation. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with chronic otitis media with effusion and recurrent otitis media (COME/ROM), a hearing loss disorder, and the knockout of the homologous mouse gene results in the deaf mouse mutant Jeff (Jf), a single gene model of otitis media. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, LoF is a know mechanism of disease, No cryptic splice site detected. Exon removal results in frameshift change.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 2-47806203-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr2-47806203-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 89434.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars. Variant chr2-47806203-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MSH6	NM_000179.3	c.3647-1G>A		splice_acceptor_variant		ENST00000234420.11	NP_000170.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MSH6	ENST00000234420.11	c.3647-1G>A		splice_acceptor_variant		1	NM_000179.3	ENSP00000234420	P4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:9

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:4

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Revvity Omics, Revvity	Feb 01, 2019	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen	-	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital	Jul 31, 2024	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Laboratory of Diagnostic Genome Analysis, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)	-	- -

Lynch syndrome 5 Pathogenic:2

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Aug 24, 2023	This variant is considered likely pathogenic. This variant occurs within a consensus splice junction and is predicted to result in abnormal mRNA splicing of either an out-of-frame exon or an in-frame exon necessary for protein stability and/or normal function. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	research	Centre for Mendelian Genomics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana	Dec 09, 2022	PVS1, PS4_MOD, PM2_SUP, PP1 -

Lynch syndrome Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, reviewed by expert panel

research

International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Tumours (InSiGHT)

Sep 05, 2013

Multifactorial likelihood analysis posterior probability >0.99 -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Jul 16, 2023

This sequence change affects an acceptor splice site in intron 7 of the MSH6 gene. It is expected to disrupt RNA splicing. Variants that disrupt the donor or acceptor splice site typically lead to a loss of protein function (PMID: 16199547), and loss-of-function variants in MSH6 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 18269114, 24362816). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). Disruption of this splice site has been observed in individual(s) with Lynch syndrome (PMID: 18566915, 21836479). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 89434). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Oct 17, 2019

The c.3647-1G>A intronic pathogenic mutation results from a G to A substitution one nucleotide upstream from coding exon 8 of the MSH6 gene. This mutation has been reported in multiple individuals having features of or meeting clinical diagnostic criteria for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)/Lynch syndrome (Ambry internal data; Nilbert M et al Fam. Cancer 2009;8(1):75-83; Therkildsen C et al Eur. J. Neurol. 2015 Apr;22(4):717-24; Klarskov L et al Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2011 Sep;35(9):1391-9; Okkels H et al Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol. 2012;20(5):470-7; Yurgelun MB et al Gastroenterology 2015;149(3):604-613). This mutation has also been detected in a man with prostate cancer whose tumor showed loss of the MSH6 protein on immunohistochemistry (Dominguez-Valentin M et al. BMC Urol, 2016 Mar;16:15). In silico splice site analysis predicts that this alteration will weaken the native splice acceptor site and may result in the creation or strengthening of a novel splice acceptor site; however, direct evidence is insufficient at this time (Ambry internal data). In addition to the clinical data presented in the literature, alterations that disrupt the canonical splice site are expected to cause aberrant splicing, resulting in an abnormal protein or a transcript that is subject to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is classified as a disease-causing mutation. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.43	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.38
CADD	Pathogenic	35
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.2
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	1.1
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D
GERP RS		5.1
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Pathogenic	1.0
dbscSNV1_RF	Pathogenic	0.95
SpliceAI score (max)		1.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_AG_spliceai		0.47		Position offset: 2
DS_AL_spliceai		1.0		Position offset: 1

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs587779279; hg19: chr2-48033342;