chr21-43774231-C-T

Position:

• chr21-43774231-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points: 4P and 4B. PM1 PM2 BP4_Strong

The NM_000100.4(CSTB):​c.268G>A​(p.Ala90Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000547 in 1,461,892 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/20 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000055 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: CSTB NM_000100.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: -1.62

Genes affected

CSTB (HGNC:2482): (cystatin B) The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and kininogens. This gene encodes a stefin that functions as an intracellular thiol protease inhibitor. The protein is able to form a dimer stabilized by noncovalent forces, inhibiting papain and cathepsins l, h and b. The protein is thought to play a role in protecting against the proteases leaking from lysosomes. Evidence indicates that mutations in this gene are responsible for the primary defects in patients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy (EPM1). One type of mutation responsible for EPM1 is the expansion in the promoter region of this gene of a CCCCGCCCCGCG repeat from 2-3 copies to 30-78 copies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

CSTB (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 0 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a chain Cystatin-B (size 97) in uniprot entity CYTB_HUMAN there are 6 pathogenic changes around while only 2 benign (75%) in NM_000100.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• BP4: Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.030906677).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CSTB	NM_000100.4	c.268G>A	p.Ala90Thr	missense_variant	3/3	ENST00000291568.7	NP_000091.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CSTB	ENST00000291568.7	c.268G>A	p.Ala90Thr	missense_variant	3/3	1	NM_000100.4	ENSP00000291568.6

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000119 AC: 3 AN: 251462 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 135920

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.0000327

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000547 AC: 8 AN: 1461892 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000550 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 727248

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000719

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ExAC AF: 0.0000247 AC: 3

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

May 31, 2018

A variant of uncertain significance has been identified in the CSTB gene. The A90T variant has not been published as a pathogenic variant, nor has it been reported as a benign variant to our knowledge. The A90T variant is not observed at a significant frequency in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016). The A90T variant is a non-conservative amino acid substitution, which is likely to impact secondary protein structure as these residues differ in polarity, charge, size and/or other properties. However, in-silico analyses, including protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, support that this variant does not alter protein structure/function. Therefore, based on the currently available information, it is unclear whether this variant is a pathogenic variant or a rare benign variant. -

Progressive myoclonic epilepsy Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Mar 14, 2019

In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function output the following: SIFT: "Tolerated"; PolyPhen-2: "Benign"; Align-GVGD: "Class C0". The threonine amino acid residue is found in multiple mammalian species, suggesting that this missense change does not adversely affect protein function. These predictions have not been confirmed by published functional studies and their clinical significance is uncertain. This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals with CSTB-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 546536). This variant is present in population databases (rs761504637, ExAC 0.006%). This sequence change replaces alanine with threonine at codon 90 of the CSTB protein (p.Ala90Thr). The alanine residue is weakly conserved and there is a small physicochemical difference between alanine and threonine. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.065
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	-0.34	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.63
CADD	Benign	0.76
DANN	Benign	0.64
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.098	T
Eigen	Benign	-1.3
Eigen_PC	Benign	-1.4
FATHMM_MKL	Benign	0.035	N
LIST_S2	Benign	0.24	T
M_CAP	Benign	0.012	T
MetaRNN	Benign	0.031	T
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.93	T
PrimateAI	Benign	0.32	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.14	N
REVEL	Benign	0.10
Sift	Benign	1.0	T
Sift4G	Benign	1.0	T
Polyphen		0.0020	B
Vest4		0.012
MutPred		0.30		Gain of phosphorylation at A90 (P = 0.075);
MVP		0.20
MPC		0.14
ClinPred		0.030	T
GERP RS		-2.5
Varity_R		0.11
gMVP		0.12

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs761504637; hg19: chr21-45194112;