chr22-28694066-G-C

Position:

• chr22-28694066-G-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 6 ACMG points: 6P and 0B. PM2 PM5 PP3_Moderate

The NM_007194.4(CHEK2):​c.1427C>G​(p.Thr476Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. T476M) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
  • Failed GnomAD Quality Control
• Consequence: CHEK2 NM_007194.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.15

Genes affected

CHEK2 (HGNC:16627): (checkpoint kinase 2) In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. It contains a forkhead-associated protein interaction domain essential for activation in response to DNA damage and is rapidly phosphorylated in response to replication blocks and DNA damage. When activated, the encoded protein is known to inhibit CDC25C phosphatase, preventing entry into mitosis, and has been shown to stabilize the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1. In addition, this protein interacts with and phosphorylates BRCA1, allowing BRCA1 to restore survival after DNA damage. Mutations in this gene have been linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in TP53. Also, mutations in this gene are thought to confer a predisposition to sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors. This nuclear protein is a member of the CDS1 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 6 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr22-28694066-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.904

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CHEK2	NM_007194.4	c.1427C>G	p.Thr476Arg	missense_variant	13/15	ENST00000404276.6	NP_009125.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CHEK2	ENST00000404276.6	c.1427C>G	p.Thr476Arg	missense_variant	13/15	1	NM_007194.4	ENSP00000385747	P2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AS_VQSR AF: 0.00000139 AC: 2 AN: 1443718 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.00000278 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 718640

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000180

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	May 20, 2024	The p.T476R variant (also known as c.1427C>G), located in coding exon 12 of the CHEK2 gene, results from a C to G substitution at nucleotide position 1427. The threonine at codon 476 is replaced by arginine, an amino acid with similar properties. This amino acid position is well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, the in silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. Based on the available evidence, the clinical significance of this variant remains unclear. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Mar 18, 2019	- -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Mar 11, 2022

In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function are either unavailable or do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change (SIFT: "Deleterious"; PolyPhen-2: "Probably Damaging"; Align-GVGD: "Class C0"). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 481706). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with CHEK2-related conditions. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 476 of the CHEK2 protein (p.Thr476Arg). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.19
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.17	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.010
CADD	Pathogenic	28
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.32	T;.;T;.;T;.;T;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.70
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.63
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.85	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.96	.;D;.;D;.;D;D;D;.
M_CAP	Benign	0.055	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.90	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	-0.22	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.7	M;.;M;.;M;.;M;.;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.51	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-4.7	D;D;D;.;D;D;.;D;D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.51
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D;D;D;.;D;D;.;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0020	D;D;D;.;D;D;.;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;D;D;.;D;D;D;D;D
Vest4		0.79
MutPred		0.79		Loss of phosphorylation at T476 (P = 0.0335);.;Loss of phosphorylation at T476 (P = 0.0335);.;Loss of phosphorylation at T476 (P = 0.0335);.;Loss of phosphorylation at T476 (P = 0.0335);.;.;
MVP		0.78
MPC		0.16
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		4.4
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.91
gMVP		0.74

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.070		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs142763740; hg19: chr22-29090054;