chr22-28695187-G-A

Position:

• chr22-28695187-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_007194.4(CHEK2):​c.1315C>T​(p.Gln439*) variant causes a stop gained change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 6.8e-7 (0 hom.)
  • Failed GnomAD Quality Control
• Consequence: CHEK2 NM_007194.4 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:8
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.91

Genes affected

CHEK2 (HGNC:16627): (checkpoint kinase 2) In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. It contains a forkhead-associated protein interaction domain essential for activation in response to DNA damage and is rapidly phosphorylated in response to replication blocks and DNA damage. When activated, the encoded protein is known to inhibit CDC25C phosphatase, preventing entry into mitosis, and has been shown to stabilize the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1. In addition, this protein interacts with and phosphorylates BRCA1, allowing BRCA1 to restore survival after DNA damage. Mutations in this gene have been linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in TP53. Also, mutations in this gene are thought to confer a predisposition to sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors. This nuclear protein is a member of the CDS1 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

CHEK2 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 22-28695187-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr22-28695187-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 230206.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CHEK2	NM_007194.4	c.1315C>T	p.Gln439*	stop_gained	12/15	ENST00000404276.6	NP_009125.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CHEK2	ENST00000404276.6	c.1315C>T	p.Gln439*	stop_gained	12/15	1	NM_007194.4	ENSP00000385747.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000398 AC: 1 AN: 251024 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00000737 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 135642

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.0000462

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AS_VQSR AF: 6.84e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1461190 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 726954

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.0000187

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Familial cancer of breast Pathogenic:4

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Sep 25, 2023	ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 230206). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with CHEK2-related conditions. This variant is present in population databases (no rsID available, gnomAD 0.004%). This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Gln439*) in the CHEK2 gene. It is expected to result in an absent or disrupted protein product. Loss-of-function variants in CHEK2 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 21876083, 24713400). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Apr 20, 2017	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Mar 08, 2023	This variant is considered pathogenic. This variant creates a termination codon and is predicted to result in premature protein truncation. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Dec 27, 2023	- -

not provided Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Revvity Omics, Revvity	Feb 01, 2019	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Aug 29, 2023	Nonsense variant predicted to result in protein truncation or nonsense mediated decay in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); Observed in individuals with personal or family history of breast or colorectal cancer (Decker et al., 2017; Dong et al., 2018; Gong et al., 2019); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 32805687, 28779002, 30039884, 31118792, Sadaps2019[Abstract]) -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Sep 16, 2022	This variant changes 1 nucleotide in exon 12 of the CHEK2 gene, creating a premature translation stop signal. This variant is expected to result in an absent or non-functional protein product. This variant has been observed in two individuals affected with breast cancer and two unaffected individuals in breast cancer case-control studies (PMID: 28779002, 33471991). It has also been reported in an individual with colorectal cancer (PMID: 31118792). This variant has been identified in 1/251024 chromosomes in the general population by the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Loss of CHEK2 function is a known mechanism of disease (clinicalgenome.org). Based on the available evidence, this variant is classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Oct 09, 2023	The p.Q439* pathogenic mutation (also known as c.1315C>T), located in coding exon 11 of the CHEK2 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 1315. This changes the amino acid from a glutamine to a stop codon within coding exon 11. This alteration has been reported in at least one subject in a study of 13087 breast cancer cases and 5488 control individuals in the UK (Decker B et al. J. Med. Genet., 2017 11;54:732-741). This alteration has also been reported in one patient from a cohort of 618 unselected Chinese colorectal cancer patients (Gong R et al. Cancer Manag Res, 2019 Apr;11:3721-3739). In addition to the clinical data presented in the literature, this alteration is expected to result in loss of function by premature protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.62	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.66
CADD	Pathogenic	43
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	1.2
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	1.1
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
Vest4		0.96
GERP RS		5.8

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs778989252; hg19: chr22-29091175;