chr22-37978094-G-A

Position:

• chr22-37978094-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_006941.4(SOX10):​c.470C>T​(p.Ala157Val) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 12/21 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0 (0 hom.)
  • Failed GnomAD Quality Control
• Consequence: SOX10 NM_006941.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 10.0

Genes affected

SOX10 (HGNC:11190): (SRY-box transcription factor 10) This gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional activator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. This protein acts as a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein and is important for neural crest and peripheral nervous system development. Mutations in this gene are associated with Waardenburg-Shah and Waardenburg-Hirschsprung disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

POLR2F (HGNC:9193): (RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit F) This gene encodes the sixth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. In yeast, this polymerase subunit, in combination with at least two other subunits, forms a structure that stabilizes the transcribing polymerase on the DNA template. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

SOX10 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a DNA_binding_region HMG box (size 68) in uniprot entity SOX10_HUMAN there are 27 pathogenic changes around while only 1 benign (96%) in NM_006941.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.987
• PP5: Variant 22-37978094-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr22-37978094-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 7408.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr22-37978094-G-A is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
SOX10	NM_006941.4	c.470C>T	p.Ala157Val	missense_variant	3/4	ENST00000396884.8	NP_008872.1
POLR2F	NM_001301130.2	c.294-8060G>A		intron_variant			NP_001288059.1
POLR2F	NM_001363825.1	c.*38+5784G>A		intron_variant			NP_001350754.1
POLR2F	NM_001301131.2	c.293+10924G>A		intron_variant			NP_001288060.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
SOX10	ENST00000396884.8	c.470C>T	p.Ala157Val	missense_variant	3/4	1	NM_006941.4	ENSP00000380093.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AC0 AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 1441674 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 714350

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Feb 04, 2022	Published functional studies demonstrate a damaging effect on DNA binding and protein localization (Chaoui A et al., 2011); Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 18348274, 21898658, 30661772) -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jan 20, 2024	This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with valine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 157 of the SOX10 protein (p.Ala157Val). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of Waardenburg syndrome (PMID: 18348274, 34474183). In at least one individual the variant was observed to be de novo. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 7408). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt SOX10 protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects SOX10 function (PMID: 21898658). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Waardenburg syndrome type 4C Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

literature only

OMIM

Apr 15, 2008

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.56	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.56
CADD	Pathogenic	33
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.88
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.79
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	.;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.55	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.5	H;H;.
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.91	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.5	D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.91
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.024	D;D;.
Polyphen		1.0	D;D;.
Vest4		0.95
MutPred		0.93		Gain of helix (P = 0.132);Gain of helix (P = 0.132);Gain of helix (P = 0.132);
MVP		1.0
MPC		1.9
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.5
Varity_R		0.95
gMVP		1.0

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs121909117; hg19: chr22-38374101;