chr3-12584539-G-A

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points: 2P and 4B. PP2PP5BS2

The NM_002880.4(RAF1):c.1922C>T(p.Thr641Met) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000805 in 1,614,066 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000075 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

RAF1
NM_002880.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:5U:3

Conservation

PhyloP100: 6.46

Variant links:

Genes affected

RAF1 (HGNC:9829): (Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) This gene is the cellular homolog of viral raf gene (v-raf). The encoded protein is a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which functions downstream of the Ras family of membrane associated GTPases to which it binds directly. Once activated, the cellular RAF1 protein can phosphorylate to activate the dual specificity protein kinases MEK1 and MEK2, which in turn phosphorylate to activate the serine/threonine specific protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. Activated ERKs are pleiotropic effectors of cell physiology and play an important role in the control of gene expression involved in the cell division cycle, apoptosis, cell differentiation and cell migration. Mutations in this gene are associated with Noonan syndrome 5 and LEOPARD syndrome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RAF1 links:

MKRN2 (HGNC:7113): (makorin ring finger protein 2) This gene encodes a probable E3 ubiquitin ligase containing several zinc finger domains, that is a member of the makorin RING zinc-finger protein family. This gene overlaps the v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (RAF1) gene in an antisense orientation and may have a co-regulatory function with RAF1. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2012]

MKRN2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points.

PP2

Missense variant in the RAF1 gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 47 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 39 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 2.4628 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.4185 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to Noonan syndrome 5, dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, Noonan syndrome, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, familial isolated dilated cardiomyopathy, LEOPARD syndrome 2, Costello syndrome.

PP5

Variant 3-12584539-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr3-12584539-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 142298.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Uncertain_significance=3, Pathogenic=3, Likely_pathogenic=1}.

BS2

High AC in GnomAdExome4 at 11 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
RAF1	NM_002880.4 link	c.1922C>T	p.Thr641Met	missense_variant	Exon 17 of 17	ENST00000251849.9	NP_002871.1	P04049-1L7RRS6

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
RAF1	ENST00000251849.9 link	c.1922C>T	p.Thr641Met	missense_variant	Exon 17 of 17	1	NM_002880.4	ENSP00000251849.4		P04049-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152178

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.000288

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000119

AC:

AN:

251256

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.00000736

AC XY:

AN XY:

135802

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.0000653

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000881

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000752

AC:

AN:

1461888

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000110

AC XY:

AN XY:

727246

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.0000580

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000270

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000331

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152178

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74340

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.000288

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000329

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000113

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Dilated cardiomyopathy 1NN

Pathogenic:3

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Jun 01, 2014	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Neuberg Centre For Genomic Medicine, NCGM	-	The missense variant p.T641M in RAF1 (NM_002880.4) has been reported previously in patients affected with childhood onset cardiomyopathy (Dhandapany S et al). Functional studies in zebrafish revealed a heart failure phenotype. It has been submitted to the ClinVar database as Pathogenic. There is a moderate physicochemical difference between threonine and methionine. The p.T641M missense variant is predicted to be damaging by both SIFT and PolyPhen2. The threonine residue at codon 641 of RAF1 is conserved in all mammalian species. The nucleotide c.1922 in RAF1 is predicted conserved by GERP++ and PhyloP across 100 vertebrates. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	3billion, Medical Genetics	May 22, 2022	The variant is observed at an extremely low frequency in the gnomAD v2.1.1 dataset (total allele frequency: 0.001%). The variant is located in a mutational hot spot and/or well-established functional domain in which established pathogenic variants have been reported. Missense changes are a common disease-causing mechanism. Functional studies provide strong evidence of the variant having a damaging effect on the gene or gene product (PMID: 24777450). In silico tool predictions suggest damaging effect of the variant on gene or gene product (REVEL: 0.71; 3Cnet: 0.89). Same nucleotide change resulting in same amino acid change has been previously reported as pathogenic/likely pathogenic with strong evidence (ClinVar ID: VCV000142298). Therefore, this variant is classified as pathogenic according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline. -

not provided

Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Mar 11, 2021	Missense variants in this gene are often considered pathogenic (Stenson et al., 2014); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Reported in ClinVar, but additional evidence is not available (ClinVar Variant ID# 142298; Landrum et al., 2016); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 31589614, 24777450) -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	Apr 01, 2023	RAF1: PS3:Moderate, PS4:Moderate, PM2:Supporting -

Primary dilated cardiomyopathy

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Center for Advanced Laboratory Medicine, UC San Diego Health, University of California San Diego

May 08, 2019

- -

RASopathy

Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Jan 27, 2024

This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with methionine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 641 of the RAF1 protein (p.Thr641Met). This variant is present in population databases (rs587777587, gnomAD 0.006%). This missense change has been observed in individuals with dilated cardiomyopathy (PMID: 24777450). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 142298). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) has been performed at Invitae for this missense variant, however the output from this modeling did not meet the statistical confidence thresholds required to predict the impact of this variant on RAF1 protein function. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects RAF1 function (PMID: 24777450). In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. -

Cardiovascular phenotype

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Sep 27, 2024

The p.T641M variant (also known as c.1922C>T), located in coding exon 16 of the RAF1 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 1922. The threonine at codon 641 is replaced by methionine, an amino acid with similar properties. This variant has been reported in a dilated cardiomyopathy cohort and prenatal anomaly cohort (Dhandapany PS et al. Nat Genet, 2014 Jun;46:635-639; Zhu X et al. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2022 Dec;60:780-792). Functional studies suggest the variant had kinase activities that were mildly increased; however, additional evidence is needed to confirm this finding (Dhandapany PS et al. Nat Genet, 2014 Jun;46:635-639). This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, the in silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. Based on the available evidence, the clinical significance of this variant remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.12

BayesDel_addAF

Uncertain

0.039

BayesDel_noAF

Uncertain

0.0

CADD

Uncertain

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.55

D;.;T

Eigen

Uncertain

0.52

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.52

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.89

D;D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.48

MetaRNN

Uncertain

0.47

T;T;T

MetaSVM

Uncertain

-0.085

MutationAssessor

Benign

0.97

L;.;.

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.61

PROVEAN

Benign

-1.4

N;N;N

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.71

Sift

Uncertain

0.0050

D;D;D

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.058

T;T;T

Polyphen

1.0

D;.;.

Vest4

0.50

MutPred

0.24

Loss of glycosylation at T640 (P = 0.0239);.;.;

MVP

0.71

MPC

0.41

ClinPred

0.47

GERP RS

5.6

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.14

gMVP

0.50

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over