chr3-37028849-C-T

Variant names:

• chr3-37028849-C-T
• rs1064794826
• NM_000249.4:c.1475C>T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 2 ACMG points: 2P and 0B. PM2

The NM_000249.4(MLH1):​c.1475C>T​(p.Ala492Val) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. A492T) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: MLH1 NM_000249.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.11
• Publications: 3 publications found

Genes affected

MLH1 (HGNC:7127): (mutL homolog 1) The protein encoded by this gene can heterodimerize with mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2 to form MutL alpha, part of the DNA mismatch repair system. When MutL alpha is bound by MutS beta and some accessory proteins, the PMS2 subunit of MutL alpha introduces a single-strand break near DNA mismatches, providing an entry point for exonuclease degradation. The encoded protein is also involved in DNA damage signaling and can heterodimerize with DNA mismatch repair protein MLH3 to form MutL gamma, which is involved in meiosis. This gene was identified as a locus frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

MLH1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Lynch syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, ClinGen, Orphanet
• Lynch syndrome 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
• Muir-Torre syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, MODERATE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics, G2P, Orphanet
• mismatch repair cancer syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet, ClinGen
• Lynch syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• ovarian cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• malignant pancreatic neoplasm

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• rhabdomyosarcoma

  Inheritance: AR Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• prostate cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• breast cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 2 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MLH1	NM_000249.4	c.1475C>T	p.Ala492Val	missense_variant	Exon 13 of 19	ENST00000231790.8	NP_000240.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MLH1	ENST00000231790.8	c.1475C>T	p.Ala492Val	missense_variant	Exon 13 of 19	1	NM_000249.4	ENSP00000231790.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Uncertain:1

Apr 18, 2016

GeneDx

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant is denoted MLH1 c.1475C>T at the cDNA level, p.Ala492Val (A492V) at the protein level, and results in the change of an Alanine to a Valine (GCA>GTA). This variant has not, to our knowledge, been published in the literature as pathogenic or benign. MLH1 Ala492Val was not observed in approximately 6,500 individuals of European and African American ancestry in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, suggesting it is not a common benign variant in these populations. Since Alanine and Valine share similar properties, this is considered a conservative amino acid substitution. MLH1 Ala492Val occurs at a position that is conserved across species and is located within the region of interaction with PMS2/MLH3/PMS1 and EXO1 (Raevaara 2005, Hardt 2011, Uniprot). In silico analyses are inconsistent regarding the effect this variant may have on protein structure and function. Based on currently available evidence, it is unclear whether MLH1 Ala492Val is a pathogenic or benign variant. We consider it to be a variant of uncertain significance. -

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Uncertain:1

Jul 03, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with valine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 492 of the MLH1 protein (p.Ala492Val). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with MLH1-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 420973). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) has been performed at Invitae for this missense variant, however the output from this modeling did not meet the statistical confidence thresholds required to predict the impact of this variant on MLH1 protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

Jun 07, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.A492V variant (also known as c.1475C>T), located in coding exon 13 of the MLH1 gene, results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 1475. The alanine at codon 492 is replaced by valine, an amino acid with similar properties. This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.17
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.34	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.25
CADD	Benign	23
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.39	T;.;.;.;.;.;T;T
Eigen	Uncertain	0.48
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.57
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.94	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.86	D;D;.;.;.;D;D;D
M_CAP	Benign	0.047	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.51	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.54	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.0	M;.;.;.;.;.;.;.
PhyloP100		6.1
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.50	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.4	N;N;N;N;N;N;D;N
REVEL	Uncertain	0.47
Sift	Benign	0.034	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
Sift4G	Benign	0.20	T;T;T;T;T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.33	B;.;.;.;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.59
MutPred		0.30		Loss of sheet (P = 0.0011);.;.;.;.;.;.;.;
MVP		0.94
MPC		0.074
ClinPred		0.89	D
GERP RS		6.0
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.1
Varity_R		0.099
gMVP		0.40
Mutation Taster		=25/75	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1064794826; hg19: chr3-37070340;