chr3-37048541-CT-C

Position:

• chr3-37048541-CT-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000249.4(MLH1):​c.1923del​(p.Leu642Ter) variant causes a frameshift change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. L641L) has been classified as Likely benign. Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 31)
• Consequence: MLH1 NM_000249.4 frameshift
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.50

Genes affected

MLH1 (HGNC:7127): (mutL homolog 1) The protein encoded by this gene can heterodimerize with mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2 to form MutL alpha, part of the DNA mismatch repair system. When MutL alpha is bound by MutS beta and some accessory proteins, the PMS2 subunit of MutL alpha introduces a single-strand break near DNA mismatches, providing an entry point for exonuclease degradation. The encoded protein is also involved in DNA damage signaling and can heterodimerize with DNA mismatch repair protein MLH3 to form MutL gamma, which is involved in meiosis. This gene was identified as a locus frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 3-37048541-CT-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr3-37048541-CT-C is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 483563.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
MLH1	NM_000249.4	c.1923del	p.Leu642Ter	frameshift_variant	17/19	ENST00000231790.8

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
MLH1	ENST00000231790.8	c.1923del	p.Leu642Ter	frameshift_variant	17/19	1	NM_000249.4	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 31

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Colorectal cancer, hereditary nonpolyposis, type 2 Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Myriad Genetics, Inc.

Jul 24, 2023

This variant is considered pathogenic. This variant creates a termination codon and is predicted to result in premature protein truncation. -

Carcinoma of colon Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

-

The MLH1 p.Leu642* variant was identified in 2 of 164 proband chromosomes (frequency: 0.01) from individuals or families with colorectal cancer (Guindalini 2015, Plimmer 2012). The variant was also identified in ClinVar (classified as pathogenic by Ambry Genetics). The variant was not identified in dbSNP, COGR, Cosmic, UMD-LSDB, Zhejiang University Database, Mismatch Repair Genes Variant Database, the Insight Hereditary Tumors database, the 1000 Genomes Project, the NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project, the Exome Aggregation Consortium (August 8th 2016), or the Genome Aggregation Database (Feb 27, 2017). The c.1923delT variant leads to a premature stop codon at position 642, which is predicted to lead to a truncated or absent protein and loss of function. Loss of function variants of the MLH1 gene are an established mechanism of disease in Lynch syndrome and this is the type of variant expected to cause the disorder. In summary, based on the above information this variant meets our laboratory’s criteria to be classified as pathogenic. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Jul 14, 2016

The c.1923delT pathogenic mutation, located in coding exon 17 of the MLH1 gene, results from a deletion of one nucleotide at nucleotide position 1923, causing a translational frameshift with a predicted alternate stop codon. A study of 25 Jamaican early-onset (<40 years old) colorectal cancer patients identified this mutation in one patient with a MSI-H tumor (Plummer JM et al. Can J Surg, 2012 Oct;55:294-300). This mutation was also found in 1/57 African American probands with colorectal cancer in a retrospective study assessing the colorectal cancer risk and mutation spectrum in African American families with Lynch syndrome (Guindalini RS et al. Gastroenterology, 2015 Nov;149:1446-53). In addition to the clinical data presented in the literature, this alteration is expected to result in loss of function by premature protein truncation or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. As such, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1553663834; hg19: chr3-37090032;