chr4-70631707-T-G

Variant names:

• chr4-70631707-T-G
• rs1060499539
• NM_031889.3:c.92T>G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 5 ACMG points: 5P and 0B. PM2 PP3_Moderate PP5

The NM_031889.3(ENAM):​c.92T>G​(p.Leu31Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000205 in 1,461,366 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000021 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: ENAM NM_031889.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic no assertion criteria provided P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.42
• Publications: 3 publications found

Genes affected

ENAM (HGNC:3344): (enamelin) Dental enamel forms the outer cap of teeth and is the hardest substance found in vertebrates. This gene encodes the largest protein in the enamel matrix of developing teeth. The protein is involved in the mineralization and structural organization of enamel. Defects in this gene result in amelogenesis imperfect type 1C.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

ENAM Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• amelogenesis imperfecta type 1B

  Inheritance: AD, SD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• amelogenesis imperfecta type 1C

  Inheritance: AR Classification: STRONG, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• amelogenesis imperfecta type 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 5 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.856
• PP5: Variant 4-70631707-T-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr4-70631707-T-G is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 374930.Status of the report is no_assertion_criteria_provided, 0 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
ENAM	NM_031889.3	c.92T>G	p.Leu31Arg	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 9	ENST00000396073.4	NP_114095.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
ENAM	ENST00000396073.4	c.92T>G	p.Leu31Arg	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 9	1	NM_031889.3	ENSP00000379383.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000205 AC: 3 AN: 1461366 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 30 AF XY: 0.00000275 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 727018

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33468

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44722

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26124

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39672

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86246

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53416

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5766

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000270 AC: 3 AN: 1111572

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60380

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: no assertion criteria provided

Submissions by phenotype

Amelogenesis imperfecta - hypoplastic autosomal dominant - local Pathogenic:2

Aug 03, 2017

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

May 11, 2016

Leeds Amelogenesis Imperfecta Research Group, University of Leeds

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: research

Variant identified in 5 families with amelogenesis imperfecta, variant segregates with phenotype in all cases. Pathogenicity predictions by SIFT, Polyphen-2 (HumVar), Mutation Taster, CADD v1.3 and Grantham score all suggest that the NM_031889.2:c.92T>G substitution may be pathogenic. The affected residue lies within the signal peptide sequence of ENAM. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.83
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.30	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.19
CADD	Uncertain	24
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.43	T
Eigen	Uncertain	0.65
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.63
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.91	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.72	T
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.15	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.86	D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	-0.067	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.2	M
PhyloP100		2.4
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.55	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.90	N
REVEL	Uncertain	0.50
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.94
MutPred		0.60		Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.007);
MVP		0.90
MPC		0.16
ClinPred		0.98	D
GERP RS		5.5
Varity_R		0.53
gMVP		0.46
Mutation Taster		=36/64	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.040		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1060499539; hg19: chr4-71497424;