chr5-74721764-C-T

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. The variant received 2 ACMG points: 2P and 0B. PP3_Moderate

The NM_032380.5(GFM2):c.2231G>A(p.Arg744Gln) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000105 in 1,612,682 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R744G) has been classified as Benign.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000046 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00011 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GFM2
NM_032380.5 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:4

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.57

Publications

6 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

GFM2 (HGNC:29682): (GTP dependent ribosome recycling factor mitochondrial 2) Eukaryotes contain two protein translational systems, one in the cytoplasm and one in the mitochondria. Mitochondrial translation is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial function and mutations in this system lead to a breakdown in the respiratory chain-oxidative phosphorylation system and to impaired maintenance of mitochondrial DNA. This gene encodes one of the mitochondrial translation elongation factors, which is a GTPase that plays a role at the termination of mitochondrial translation by mediating the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA . Its role in the regulation of normal mitochondrial function and in disease states attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction is not known. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

GFM2 links:

HEXB (HGNC:4879): (hexosaminidase subunit beta) Hexosaminidase B is the beta subunit of the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase that, together with the cofactor GM2 activator protein, catalyzes the degradation of the ganglioside GM2, and other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines. Beta-hexosaminidase is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, which are encoded by separate genes. Both beta-hexosaminidase alpha and beta subunits are members of family 20 of glycosyl hydrolases. Mutations in the alpha or beta subunit genes lead to an accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in neurons and neurodegenerative disorders termed the GM2 gangliosidoses. Beta subunit gene mutations lead to Sandhoff disease (GM2-gangliosidosis type II). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

HEXB Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

Sandhoff disease
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, G2P, ClinGen, Genomics England PanelApp, Myriad Women’s Health

HEXB links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Uncertain_significance. The variant received 2 ACMG points.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.893

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GFM2	NM_032380.5 link	c.2231G>A	p.Arg744Gln	missense_variant	Exon 21 of 21	ENST00000296805.8	NP_115756.2	Q969S9-1A0A024RAK1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GFM2	ENST00000296805.8 link	c.2231G>A	p.Arg744Gln	missense_variant	Exon 21 of 21	1	NM_032380.5	ENSP00000296805.3		Q969S9-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000460

AC:

AN:

152072

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000103

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.000124

AC:

AN:

249804

AF XY:

0.000111

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.0000616

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000256

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000164

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000111

AC:

162

AN:

1460610

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000110

AC XY:

AN XY:

726576

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33426

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44468

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26102

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39666

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.0000116

AC:

AN:

85930

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.0000375

AC:

AN:

53402

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5758

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000138

AC:

153

AN:

1111498

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000994

AC:

AN:

60360

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.477

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000460

AC:

AN:

152072

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000539

AC XY:

AN XY:

74262

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41390

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15274

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3470

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5176

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4826

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10598

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000103

AC:

AN:

68022

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2088

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.589

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Alfa

AF:

0.000157

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000567

TwinsUK

AF:

0.00

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.000259

AC:

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.000227

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000233

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000189

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.000109

EpiControl

AF:

0.000178

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:2

Oct 17, 2023

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with glutamine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 744 of the GFM2 protein (p.Arg744Gln). This variant is present in population databases (rs151093565, gnomAD 0.03%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with GFM2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 1698268). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt GFM2 protein function. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may disrupt the consensus splice site. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Jan 19, 2022

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge; In-silico analysis is inconclusive as to whether the variant alters gene splicing. In the absence of RNA/functional studies, the actual effect of this sequence change is unknown. -

Inborn genetic diseases

Uncertain:1

Mar 28, 2025

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The c.2231G>A (p.R744Q) alteration is located in exon 21 (coding exon 20) of the GFM2 gene. This alteration results from a G to A substitution at nucleotide position 2231, causing the arginine (R) at amino acid position 744 to be replaced by a glutamine (Q). Based on insufficient or conflicting evidence, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 39

Uncertain:1

May 06, 2022

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:research

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.76

BayesDel_addAF

Uncertain

0.16

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.29

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.054

T;.;T

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.90

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.80

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.90

.;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.24

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.89

D;D;D

MetaSVM

Uncertain

0.58

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

4.6

H;.;H

PhyloP100

7.6

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.56

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-3.9

D;D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.78

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D;D

Polyphen

1.0

D;D;D

Vest4

0.90

MVP

0.90

MPC

0.72

ClinPred

1.0

GERP RS

5.0

Varity_R

0.96

gMVP

0.91

Mutation Taster

=62/38

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.23

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

DS_AL_spliceai

0.23

Position offset: 19

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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chr5-74721764-C-T

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over