rs104894174

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1PM2PM5PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_006214.4(PHYH):c.824G>A(p.Arg275Gln) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000112 in 1,613,922 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R275W) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000020 ( 0 hom., cov: 31)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000010 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

PHYH
NM_006214.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3

Conservation

PhyloP100: 5.02

Variant links:

Genes affected

PHYH (HGNC:8940): (phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase) This gene is a member of the PhyH family and encodes a peroxisomal protein that is involved in the alpha-oxidation of 3-methyl branched fatty acids. Specifically, this protein converts phytanoyl-CoA to 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Refsum disease (RD) and deficient protein activity has been associated with Zellweger syndrome and rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

PHYH links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 2 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 4 uncertain in NM_006214.4

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr10-13283695-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 7580.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.986

PP5

Variant 10-13283694-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr10-13283694-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 7588.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
PHYH	NM_006214.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.824G>A	p.Arg275Gln	missense_variant	7/9	ENST00000263038.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
PHYH	ENST00000263038.9 linkuse as main transcript	c.824G>A	p.Arg275Gln	missense_variant	7/9	1	NM_006214.4	P1	O14832-1
PHYH	ENST00000396920.7 linkuse as main transcript	c.773G>A	p.Arg258Gln	missense_variant	7/9	5
PHYH	ENST00000396913.6 linkuse as main transcript	c.524G>A	p.Arg175Gln	missense_variant	6/8	5			O14832-2
PHYH	ENST00000453759.6 linkuse as main transcript	c.524G>A	p.Arg175Gln	missense_variant	7/7	5

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152066

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000242

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.000207

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000278

AC:

AN:

251480

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000294

AC XY:

AN XY:

135914

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.000163

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000264

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000163

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000103

AC:

AN:

1461856

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000138

AC XY:

AN XY:

727230

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.000176

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.0000116

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000360

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000197

AC:

AN:

152066

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000269

AC XY:

AN XY:

74276

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.0000242

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.000207

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Bravo

AF:

0.0000151

ExAC

AF:

0.0000330

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Phytanic acid storage disease

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Baylor Genetics

Sep 06, 2023

- -

Refsum disease, adult, 1

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

literature only

OMIM

May 01, 2000

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Dec 17, 2023

This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with glutamine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 275 of the PHYH protein (p.Arg275Gln). This variant is present in population databases (rs104894174, gnomAD 0.02%). This missense change has been observed in individuals with Refsum disease (PMID: 10767344). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 7588). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt PHYH protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects PHYH function (PMID: 10767344, 11555634). This variant disrupts the p.Arg275 amino acid residue in PHYH. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 9657395, 10767344, 28041643). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.78

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.32

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.51

Cadd

Pathogenic

Dann

Pathogenic

1.0

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.84

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.75

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.97

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.94

D;D;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.19

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.99

D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.1

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

A;A;A

PrimateAI

Benign

0.43

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-3.9

D;D;D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.94

Sift

Uncertain

0.0020

D;D;D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D;D;D

Polyphen

1.0

.;D;D;.

Vest4

0.96

MutPred

0.98

.;Gain of ubiquitination at K270 (P = 0.0291);.;.;

MVP

0.97

MPC

0.67

ClinPred

0.93

GERP RS

5.9

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.1

Varity_R

0.98

gMVP

0.91

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over