rs104894928

chrX-18647303-C-GchrX-18647303-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000330.4(RS1):c.214G>C(p.Glu72Gln) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. E72D) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 22)
• Consequence: RS1 NM_000330.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.57

Genes affected

RS1 (HGNC:10457): (retinoschisin 1) This gene encodes an extracellular protein that plays a crucial role in the cellular organization of the retina. The encoded protein is assembled and secreted from photoreceptors and bipolar cells as a homo-oligomeric protein complex. Mutations in this gene are responsible for X-linked retinoschisis, a common, early-onset macular degeneration in males that results in a splitting of the inner layers of the retina and severe loss in vision. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

CDKL5 (HGNC:11411): (cyclin dependent kinase like 5) This gene is a member of Ser/Thr protein kinase family and encodes a phosphorylated protein with protein kinase activity. Mutations in this gene have been associated with X-linked infantile spasm syndrome (ISSX), also known as X-linked West syndrome, and Rett syndrome (RTT). Alternate transcriptional splice variants have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 4 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 4 uncertain in NM_000330.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chrX-18647303-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 9888.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.989
• PP5: Variant X-18647303-C-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chrX-18647303-C-G is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 98916.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chrX-18647303-C-G is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chrX-18647303-C-G is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
RS1	NM_000330.4	c.214G>C	p.Glu72Gln	missense_variant	4/6	ENST00000379984.4
RS1	XM_047442337.1	c.118G>C	p.Glu40Gln	missense_variant	2/4
CDKL5	NM_001037343.2	c.2797+1213C>G		intron_variant
CDKL5	NM_003159.3	c.2797+1213C>G		intron_variant

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
RS1	ENST00000379984.4	c.214G>C	p.Glu72Gln	missense_variant	4/6	1	NM_000330.4	P1
CDKL5	ENST00000379989.6	c.2797+1213C>G		intron_variant		1
CDKL5	ENST00000379996.7	c.2797+1213C>G		intron_variant		1
RS1	ENST00000476595.1	n.705G>C		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	3/5	1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 22

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 30

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 22

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:2 Other:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	May 25, 2022	For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. This variant disrupts the p.Glu72 amino acid residue in RS1. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 9618178, 20809529, 28272453, 30652005). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt RS1 protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 98916). This missense change has been observed in individuals with X-linked retinoschisis (PMID: 11295123, 19390641, 28348004). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces glutamic acid, which is acidic and polar, with glutamine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 72 of the RS1 protein (p.Glu72Gln). -
not provided, no classification provided	literature only	Retina International	-	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Aug 23, 2021	Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 28348004, 33460243, 19390641, 11295123) -

Juvenile retinoschisis Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Sep 02, 2021

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.46
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.65	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.69
Cadd	Pathogenic	26
Dann	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.64	D
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.94	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.76	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.8	L
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.70	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-2.8	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.93
Sift	Uncertain	0.0050	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.041	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.85
MutPred		0.95		Gain of ubiquitination at K67 (P = 0.0882);
MVP		1.0
MPC		1.6
ClinPred		0.97	D
GERP RS		5.4
Varity_R		0.81
gMVP		0.84

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.050		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs104894928; hg19: chrX-18665423;