rs104895300

Positions:

• chr12-109581523-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PM2 PP3_Moderate PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001414515.1(MVK):​c.-83C>T variant causes a 5 prime UTR premature start codon gain change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000889 in 1,461,888 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000089 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: MVK NM_001414515.1 5_prime_UTR_premature_start_codon_gain
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:6 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.43

Genes affected

MVK (HGNC:7530): (mevalonate kinase) This gene encodes the peroxisomal enzyme mevalonate kinase. Mevalonate is a key intermediate, and mevalonate kinase a key early enzyme, in isoprenoid and sterol synthesis. Mevalonate kinase deficiency caused by mutation of this gene results in mevalonic aciduria, a disease characterized psychomotor retardation, failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and recurrent febrile crises. Defects in this gene also cause hyperimmunoglobulinaemia D and periodic fever syndrome, a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of fever associated with lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, gastrointestinal dismay and skin rash. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

MVK (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 12 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.903
• PP5: Variant 12-109581523-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr12-109581523-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 39725.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr12-109581523-C-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MVK	NM_000431.4	c.500C>T	p.Pro167Leu	missense_variant	5/11	ENST00000228510.8	NP_000422.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MVK	ENST00000228510.8	c.500C>T	p.Pro167Leu	missense_variant	5/11	1	NM_000431.4	ENSP00000228510.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000796 AC: 2 AN: 251380 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000147 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 135894

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.0000615

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.0000544

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000889 AC: 13 AN: 1461888 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000110 AC XY: 8 AN XY: 727246

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.0000447

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0000252

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000899

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

Bravo AF: 0.0000189

ESP6500AA AF: 0.000227 AC: 1

ESP6500EA AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ExAC AF: 0.0000247 AC: 3

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:3

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht	-	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Joint Genome Diagnostic Labs from Nijmegen and Maastricht, Radboudumc and MUMC+	-	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Dec 23, 2016	The P167L likely pathogenic variant, also reported as P165L, in the MVK gene has been observed previously in patients with Hyper IgD syndrome including in both the homozygous and compound heterozygous states (Simon et al., 2004; de Wolff et al., 2009; Cuisset et al., 2001; Drenth et al., 1999). It was not observed at any significant frequency in approximately 6,500 individuals of European and African American ancestry by the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project. P167L is a semi-conservative amino acid substitution, which may impact secondary protein structure as these residues differ in some properties. Although this substitution occurs at a position that is not conserved, in silico analysis predicts this variant is probably damaging to the protein structure/function. Additionally, missense variants in nearby residues (P165L, N166I, G171R) have been reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database in association with MVK-related disorders (Stenson et al., 2014), supporting the functional importance of this region of the protein. Therefore, this variant is likely pathogenic; however, the possibility that it is benign cannot be excluded. -

Hyperimmunoglobulin D with periodic fever Pathogenic:2 Other:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Apr 01, 2001	- -
not provided, no classification provided	literature only	Unité médicale des maladies autoinflammatoires, CHRU Montpellier	-	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Jun 20, 2024	Variant summary: MVK c.500C>T (p.Pro167Leu), also referred to as c.591C>T (P165L) in the literature, results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the GHMP kinase N-terminal domain (IPR006204) of the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 8e-06 in 251380 control chromosomes. c.500C>T has been reported in the literature in at least one homozygote and multiple compound heterozygous individuals affected with Hyper-IgD syndrome (HIDS)/mevalonate kinase deficiency (e.g. Drenth_1999, Cuisset_2001, Simon_2006, Van Gorp_2020). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 11313769, 10369262, 16234278, 32312770). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 39725). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Hyperimmunoglobulin D with periodic fever;C1867981:Porokeratosis 3, disseminated superficial actinic type;C1959626:Mevalonic aciduria Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Aug 10, 2023

For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt MVK protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 39725). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with hyper IgD syndrome (PMID: 10369262, 11313769). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. This variant is present in population databases (rs104895300, gnomAD 0.01%). This sequence change replaces proline, which is neutral and non-polar, with leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 167 of the MVK protein (p.Pro167Leu). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.18
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.16	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.22
CADD	Benign	23
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.68	.;D;D;D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.35
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.30
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.84	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.88	D;T;.;T
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.27	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.90	D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.84	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.3	.;.;M;M
PrimateAI	Benign	0.39	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-5.7	D;D;D;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.73
Sift	Uncertain	0.0030	D;T;T;.
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0080	D;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.99	.;.;D;D
Vest4		0.73, 0.74
MVP		0.95
MPC		0.99
ClinPred		0.93	D
GERP RS		4.2
Varity_R		0.36
gMVP		0.79

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs104895300; hg19: chr12-110019328;