rs1057517285

chr13-23341652-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_014363.6(SACS):c.2224C>T(p.Arg742Ter) variant causes a stop gained change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000205 in 1,461,060 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000021 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: SACS NM_014363.6 stop_gained
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.40

Genes affected

SACS (HGNC:10519): (sacsin molecular chaperone) This gene encodes the sacsin protein, which includes a UbL domain at the N-terminus, a DnaJ domain, and a HEPN domain at the C-terminus. The gene is highly expressed in the central nervous system, also found in skin, skeletal muscles and at low levels in the pancreas. This gene includes a very large exon spanning more than 12.8 kb. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early-onset cerebellar ataxia with spasticity and peripheral neuropathy. The authors of a publication on the effects of siRNA-mediated sacsin knockdown concluded that sacsin protects against mutant ataxin-1 and suggest that "the large multi-domain sacsin protein is able to recruit Hsp70 chaperone action and has the potential to regulate the effects of other ataxia proteins" (Parfitt et al., PubMed: 19208651). A pseudogene associated with this gene is located on chromosome 11. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product does not undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. Variant is located in the 3'-most exon, not predicted to undergo nonsense mediated mRNA decay. There are 468 pathogenic variants in the truncated region.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 13-23341652-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr13-23341652-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 371456.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr13-23341652-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
SACS	NM_014363.6	c.2224C>T	p.Arg742Ter	stop_gained	10/10	ENST00000382292.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
SACS	ENST00000382292.9	c.2224C>T	p.Arg742Ter	stop_gained	10/10	5	NM_014363.6	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000205 AC: 3 AN: 1461060 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 35 AF XY: 0.00000413 AC XY: 3 AN XY: 726790

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0000252

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000180

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Spastic paraplegia Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Feb 18, 2023

This sequence change creates a premature translational stop signal (p.Arg742*) in the SACS gene. While this is not anticipated to result in nonsense mediated decay, it is expected to disrupt the last 3838 amino acid(s) of the SACS protein. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This premature translational stop signal has been observed in individual(s) with spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (PMID: 20368637, 23280630). This variant is also known as p.R472X. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 371456). This variant disrupts a region of the SACS protein in which other variant(s) (p.Tyr4538*) have been determined to be pathogenic (Invitae). This suggests that this is a clinically significant region of the protein, and that variants that disrupt it are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Charlevoix-Saguenay spastic ataxia Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Counsyl

Sep 30, 2016

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.63	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.60
Cadd	Pathogenic	36
Dann	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.95
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.79
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.94	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D
Vest4		0.94
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.2

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.020		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1057517285; hg19: chr13-23915791; COSMIC: COSV66545191;