rs111033827

chr9-34650449-A-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 10 ACMG points: 10P and 0B. PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000155.4(GALT):c.1140A>C(p.Ter380CysextTer49) variant causes a stop lost change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000342 in 1,461,636 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. *380*) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000034 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GALT NM_000155.4 stop_lost
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.06

Genes affected

GALT (HGNC:4135): (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, namely the conversion of UDP-glucose + galactose-1-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate + UDP-galactose. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 10 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 9-34650449-A-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr9-34650449-A-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 25336.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
GALT	NM_000155.4	c.1140A>C	p.Ter380CysextTer49	stop_lost	11/11	ENST00000378842.8
GALT	NM_001258332.2	c.813A>C	p.Ter271CysextTer49	stop_lost	9/9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
GALT	ENST00000378842.8	c.1140A>C	p.Ter380CysextTer49	stop_lost	11/11	1	NM_000155.4	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000342 AC: 5 AN: 1461636 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00000550 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 727152

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00000450

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.0000680 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Deficiency of UDPglucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Feb 21, 2023	This sequence change disrupts the translational stop signal of the GALT mRNA. It is expected to extend the length of the GALT protein by 49 additional amino acid residues. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This protein extension has been observed in individual(s) with galactosemia (PMID: 15841485, 28065439). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 25336). This variant results in an extension of the GALT protein. Other variant(s) that result in a similarly extended protein product (p.*380Argext*49) have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 10649501, 15633893, 20213376, 34030713). This suggests that these extensions are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	May 22, 2018	- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.044	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.17
Cadd	Benign	17
Dann	Benign	0.76
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.83
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.59
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.95	D
MutationTaster	Benign	5.6e-12	A;A
Vest4		0.23
GERP RS		3.7

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs111033827; hg19: chr9-34650446;