rs118203899

Positions:

• chr1-183225719-C-G
• chr1-183225719-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PVS1 PM2 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_005562.3(LAMC2):​c.1065C>G​(p.Tyr355Ter) variant causes a stop gained, splice region change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000000701 in 1,426,312 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Variant results in nonsense mediated mRNA decay.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 7.0e-7 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: LAMC2 NM_005562.3 stop_gained, splice_region
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 0.2974
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.230

Genes affected

LAMC2 (HGNC:6493): (laminin subunit gamma 2) Laminins, a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins, are the major noncollagenous constituent of basement membranes. They have been implicated in a wide variety of biological processes including cell adhesion, differentiation, migration, signaling, neurite outgrowth and metastasis. Laminins, composed of 3 non identical chains: laminin alpha, beta and gamma (formerly A, B1, and B2, respectively), have a cruciform structure consisting of 3 short arms, each formed by a different chain, and a long arm composed of all 3 chains. Each laminin chain is a multidomain protein encoded by a distinct gene. Several isoforms of each chain have been described. Different alpha, beta and gamma chain isomers combine to give rise to different heterotrimeric laminin isoforms which are designated by Arabic numerals in the order of their discovery, i.e. alpha1beta1gamma1 heterotrimer is laminin 1. The biological functions of the different chains and trimer molecules are largely unknown, but some of the chains have been shown to differ with respect to their tissue distribution, presumably reflecting diverse functions in vivo. This gene encodes the gamma chain isoform laminin, gamma 2. The gamma 2 chain, formerly thought to be a truncated version of beta chain (B2t), is highly homologous to the gamma 1 chain; however, it lacks domain VI, and domains V, IV and III are shorter. It is expressed in several fetal tissues but differently from gamma 1, and is specifically localized to epithelial cells in skin, lung and kidney. The gamma 2 chain together with alpha 3 and beta 3 chains constitute laminin 5 (earlier known as kalinin), which is an integral part of the anchoring filaments that connect epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane. The epithelium-specific expression of the gamma 2 chain implied its role as an epithelium attachment molecule, and mutations in this gene have been associated with junctional epidermolysis bullosa, a skin disease characterized by blisters due to disruption of the epidermal-dermal junction. Two transcript variants resulting from alternative splicing of the 3' terminal exon, and encoding different isoforms of gamma 2 chain, have been described. The two variants are differentially expressed in embryonic tissues, however, the biological significance of the two forms is not known. Transcript variants utilizing alternative polyA_signal have also been noted in literature. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 18 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Loss of function variant, product undergoes nonsense mediated mRNA decay. LoF is a known mechanism of disease.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 1-183225719-C-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr1-183225719-C-G is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 14556.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
LAMC2	NM_005562.3	c.1065C>G	p.Tyr355Ter	stop_gained, splice_region_variant	8/23	ENST00000264144.5

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
LAMC2	ENST00000264144.5	c.1065C>G	p.Tyr355Ter	stop_gained, splice_region_variant	8/23	1	NM_005562.3	P1
LAMC2	ENST00000493293.5	c.1065C>G	p.Tyr355Ter	stop_gained, splice_region_variant	8/22	1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 7.01e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1426312 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 25 AF XY: 0.00000140 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 711810

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 9.26e-7

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa gravis of Herlitz Pathogenic:2

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Mar 18, 2016	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	May 10, 2019	Variant summary: LAMC2 c.1065C>G (p.Tyr355X) results in a premature termination codon, predicted to cause a truncation of the encoded protein or absence of the protein due to nonsense mediated decay, which are commonly known mechanisms for disease. The variant was absent in 251430 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.1065C>G has been reported in the literature in multiple homozygous individuals affected with Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa from Italy (Baudoin_1994, Castori_2008). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. A ClinVar submission from a clinical diagnostic laboratory (evaluation after 2014) cites the variant as likely pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional 3B, severe Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

literature only

OMIM

Oct 01, 1994

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.63	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.59
CADD	Pathogenic	36
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.72
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.53
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.95	D
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	A;A
Vest4		0.86
GERP RS		3.1

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Benign	0.30
dbscSNV1_RF	Benign	0.44
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs118203899; hg19: chr1-183194854;