rs121434370

Positions:

• chr19-12897713-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points: 14P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Moderate PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000159.4(GCDH):​c.1093G>A​(p.Glu365Lys) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000396 in 1,614,150 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000046 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000039 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GCDH NM_000159.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:11 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.67

Genes affected

GCDH (HGNC:4189): (glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase) The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor. The enzyme exists in the mitochondrial matrix as a homotetramer of 45-kD subunits. Mutations in this gene result in the metabolic disorder glutaric aciduria type 1, which is also known as glutaric acidemia type I. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. A related pseudogene has been identified on chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a helix (size 24) in uniprot entity GCDH_HUMAN there are 26 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000159.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.896
• PP5: Variant 19-12897713-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-12897713-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 2086.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr19-12897713-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chr19-12897713-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GCDH	NM_000159.4	c.1093G>A	p.Glu365Lys	missense_variant	11/12	ENST00000222214.10	NP_000150.1
GCDH	NM_013976.5	c.1093G>A	p.Glu365Lys	missense_variant	11/12		NP_039663.1
GCDH	NR_102316.1	n.1256G>A		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	11/12
GCDH	NR_102317.1	n.1474G>A		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	10/11

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GCDH	ENST00000222214.10	c.1093G>A	p.Glu365Lys	missense_variant	11/12	1	NM_000159.4	ENSP00000222214	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000460 AC: 7 AN: 152154 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000483

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000735

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000278 AC: 7 AN: 251412 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000441 AC XY: 6 AN XY: 135906

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.000123

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000352

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.000163

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000390 AC: 57 AN: 1461878 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000358 AC XY: 26 AN XY: 727242

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.0000597

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.0000486

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000460 AC: 7 AN: 152272 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000537 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 74438

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.0000481

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.0000735

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Alfa AF: 0.0000730 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000227

TwinsUK AF: 0.000270 AC: 1

ALSPAC AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ESP6500AA AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ESP6500EA AF: 0.000116 AC: 1

ExAC AF: 0.0000165 AC: 2

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.000119

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:11 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Glutaric aciduria, type 1 Pathogenic:9 Other:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Revvity Omics, Revvity	Jun 10, 2021	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	research	Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center	Mar 17, 2024	- -
not provided, no classification provided	literature only	GeneReviews	-	Founder variant in Irish Traveler communities in the Republic of Ireland -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Natera, Inc.	Sep 16, 2020	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics	Jan 13, 2022	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Feb 01, 2001	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Institute of Human Genetics Munich, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, TU München	Jun 11, 2019	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Jun 03, 2021	Variant summary: GCDH c.1093G>A (p.Glu365Lys) results in a conservative amino acid change located in the C-terminal domain (IPR009075) of the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 2.8e-05 in 251412 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.1093G>A has been reported in the literature in multiple homozygous and compound heterozygous individuals affected with Glutaric Acidemia Type 1 (e.g. Nyhan_1999, Zschocke_2000, Kolker_2001, Monies_2019). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. Publications also reported experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function, and demonstrated an almost complete loss (~1% of control) of enzymatic activity (e.g. Nyhan_1999, Kolker_2006). Five clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. All laboratories classified the variant as pathogenic (n=4) / likely pathogenic (n=1). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Nov 28, 2023	This sequence change replaces glutamic acid, which is acidic and polar, with lysine, which is basic and polar, at codon 365 of the GCDH protein (p.Glu365Lys). This variant is present in population databases (rs121434370, gnomAD 0.01%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with glutaric acid acidemia (PMID: 8900227, 10066389, 10699052, 11174631, 28438223). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 2086). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) has been performed at Invitae for this missense variant, however the output from this modeling did not meet the statistical confidence thresholds required to predict the impact of this variant on GCDH protein function. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Feb 22, 2024	- -

not provided Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics	Jul 07, 2014	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Aug 14, 2019	Published functional studies demonstrate that E365K had significantly reduced enzymatic activity when compared with wild-type expressing cells (Nyhan et al., 1999); Not observed at a significant frequency in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016); In silico analysis, which includes protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, supports a deleterious effect; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 32777384, 31980526, 31130284, 29721918, 28438223, 9711871, 10066389, 11174631, 10699052, 8900227, 25087612, 29555771, 30570710) -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.41
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.34	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.48
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.95	D;D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.37
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.36
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.95	.;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.37	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.90	D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.94	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.8	L;L
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	A;A;A;A
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.69	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.6	D;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.81
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D;.
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.016	D;D
Polyphen		0.93	P;P
Vest4		0.93
MVP		0.96
MPC		1.1
ClinPred		0.82	D
GERP RS		5.6
Varity_R		0.93
gMVP		0.96

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs121434370; hg19: chr19-13008527;