rs121908345

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PM1PM5PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_015166.4(MLC1):c.274C>T(p.Pro92Ser) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000549 in 1,603,952 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. P92L) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000059 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000054 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

MLC1
NM_015166.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:12

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.19

Publications

17 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

MLC1 (HGNC:17082): (modulator of VRAC current 1) The function of this gene product is unknown; however, homology to other proteins suggests that it may be an integral membrane transporter. Mutations in this gene have been associated with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts, an autosomal recessive neurological disorder. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

MLC1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, G2P, Myriad Women’s Health
megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

MLC1 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 6 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 10 uncertain in NM_015166.4

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr22-50080390-G-A is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 1524959.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

PP5

Variant 22-50080391-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr22-50080391-G-A is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 4719.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MLC1	NM_015166.4 link	c.274C>T	p.Pro92Ser	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 12	ENST00000311597.10	NP_055981.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein
MLC1	ENST00000311597.10 link	c.274C>T	p.Pro92Ser	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 12	1	NM_015166.4	ENSP00000310375.6
MLC1	ENST00000395876.6 link	c.274C>T	p.Pro92Ser	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 12	1		ENSP00000379216.2
MLC1	ENST00000442311.1 link	c.184C>T	p.Pro62Ser	missense_variant	Exon 3 of 8	5		ENSP00000401385.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000591

AC:

AN:

152250

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00144

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000588

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.000129

AC:

AN:

232710

AF XY:

0.000151

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00248

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000480

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000173

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000544

AC:

AN:

1451702

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000582

AC XY:

AN XY:

721238

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33146

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

43598

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00173

AC:

AN:

25944

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39100

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

84204

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

52634

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5764

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000253

AC:

AN:

1107312

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000100

AC:

AN:

60000

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.472

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000591

AC:

AN:

152250

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000403

AC XY:

AN XY:

74384

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41464

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15290

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00144

AC:

AN:

3472

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5204

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4830

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10628

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000588

AC:

AN:

68042

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2092

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.492

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.000120

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000491

ExAC

AF:

0.000124

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:12

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1

Pathogenic:8

Mar 19, 2024

Institute of Human Genetics, FAU Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant has been identified by standard clinical testing. in trans with MLC1 (NM_015166.4): c.423+1G>T -

Oct 03, 2022

Greenwood Genetic Center Diagnostic Laboratories, Greenwood Genetic Center

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

PS3, PM2, PP3 -

Mar 29, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Aug 01, 2002

OMIM

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:literature only

- -

Apr 11, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jan 08, 2016

Counsyl

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

This submission and the accompanying classification are no longer maintained by the submitter. For more information on current observations and classification, please contact variantquestions@myriad.com. -

Apr 27, 2017

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The MLC1 c.274C>T (p.Pro92Ser) missense variant has been identified in a compound heterozygous state in at least three individuals with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy, in a heterozygous state in two affected individuals in whom a second variant was not identified, and in one affected individual in whom a second variant was found but zygosity was not confirmed (Leegwater et al. 2002; Ben-Zeev et al. 2002; Montagna et al. 2006; Yuzbasioglu et al. 2011). The p.Pro92Ser variant was absent from 240 control alleles and is reported at a frequency of 0.00037 in the European (non-Finnish) population of the Exome Aggregation Consortium. Functional studies using HeLa and COS cells demonstrated reduced surface expression of the p.Pro92Ser-MLC1 protein compared to wild type. The variant protein was confined to late endosomes/lysosomes instead of recycling endosomes (Duarri et al. 2008). Based on the evidence, the p.Pro92Ser variant is classified as likely pathogenic for megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts. This variant was observed by ICSL as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. -

Apr 26, 2022

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:research

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:3

Oct 01, 2023

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

MLC1: PM2, PM3, PM5, PP4, PS3:Supporting -

Dec 07, 2023

Mayo Clinic Laboratories, Mayo Clinic

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

PP3, PM2_moderate, PS3_moderate, PS4_moderate -

Dec 05, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces proline, which is neutral and non-polar, with serine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 92 of the MLC1 protein (p.Pro92Ser). This variant is present in population databases (rs121908345, gnomAD 0.2%). This missense change has been observed in individuals with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (PMID: 11935341, 16470554, 21145992). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 4719). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) has been performed for this missense variant. However, the output from this modeling did not meet the statistical confidence thresholds required to predict the impact of this variant on MLC1 protein function. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects MLC1 function (PMID: 18757878, 23793458). In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. -

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts

Pathogenic:1

Feb 24, 2022

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: MLC1 c.274C>T (p.Pro92Ser) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00013 in 232710 control chromosomes. This frequency is not significantly higher than expected for a pathogenic variant in MLC1 causing Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy With Subcortical Cysts 1 (0.00013 vs 0.0011), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.274C>T has been reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy With Subcortical Cysts 1 (example, Leegwater_2002, Ben-Zeev_2002, Montagna_2006). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function (example Duarri_2008). The most pronounced variant effect results in localization within the lysosomes after internalization from the plasma membrane. Four clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. All laboratories classified the variant as likely pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.79

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.39

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.47

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.55

D;D;.

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.75

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.71

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.98

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.92

.;D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.38

MetaRNN

Uncertain

0.66

D;D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.0

MutationAssessor

Uncertain

2.3

M;M;.

PhyloP100

7.2

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.57

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-7.4

D;D;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.94

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D;D

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;D;D

Polyphen

1.0

D;D;.

Vest4

0.78

MVP

0.92

MPC

0.90

ClinPred

0.60

GERP RS

5.3

Varity_R

0.84

gMVP

0.92

Mutation Taster

=2/98

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

Splicevardb

2.0

SpliceAI score (max)

0.010

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

You must be logged in to view publications. This limit was set because tens of millions (!) of queries from AI bots are generated daily.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over