rs121908723

chr20-44623039-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000022.4(ADA):c.646G>A(p.Gly216Arg) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000335 in 1,614,040 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. G216G) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000053 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000031 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: ADA NM_000022.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic reviewed by expert panel P:12 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.91

Genes affected

ADA (HGNC:186): (adenosine deaminase) This gene encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of adenosine to inosine in the purine catabolic pathway. Various mutations have been described for this gene and have been linked to human diseases related to impaired immune function such as severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) which is the result of a deficiency in the ADA enzyme. In ADA-deficient individuals there is a marked depletion of T, B, and NK lymphocytes, and consequently, a lack of both humoral and cellular immunity. Conversely, elevated levels of this enzyme are associated with congenital hemolytic anemia. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2019]

PKIG (HGNC:9019): (cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor gamma) This gene encodes a member of the protein kinase inhibitor family. Studies of a similar protein in mice suggest that this protein acts as a potent competitive cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, and is a predominant form of inhibitor in various tissues. The encoded protein may be involved in osteogenesis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a strand (size 9) in uniprot entity ADA_HUMAN there are 8 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000022.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.991
• PP5: Variant 20-44623039-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr20-44623039-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 1968.Status of the report is reviewed_by_expert_panel, 3 stars. Variant chr20-44623039-C-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
ADA	NM_000022.4	c.646G>A	p.Gly216Arg	missense_variant	7/12	ENST00000372874.9
ADA	NM_001322050.2	c.241G>A	p.Gly81Arg	missense_variant	6/11
ADA	NM_001322051.2	c.607-109G>A		intron_variant
ADA	NR_136160.2	n.738G>A		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	7/11

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
ADA	ENST00000372874.9	c.646G>A	p.Gly216Arg	missense_variant	7/12	1	NM_000022.4	P4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000526 AC: 8 AN: 152180 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000724

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000735

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000119 AC: 3 AN: 251428 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000147 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 135890

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000264

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000315 AC: 46 AN: 1461860 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.0000303 AC XY: 22 AN XY: 727234

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.0000369

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000497

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000526 AC: 8 AN: 152180 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000807 AC XY: 6 AN XY: 74340

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.0000724

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.0000735

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Alfa AF: 0.000107 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000604

ExAC AF: 0.0000165 AC: 2

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.000119

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:12 Other:1

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Submissions by phenotype

Severe combined immunodeficiency, autosomal recessive, T cell-negative, B cell-negative, NK cell-negative, due to adenosine deaminase deficiency Pathogenic:9 Other:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Revvity Omics, Revvity	Nov 17, 2019	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Sep 29, 2019	This variant was determined to be pathogenic according to ACMG Guidelines, 2015 [PMID:25741868]. -
not provided, no classification provided	literature only	UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	-	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Genome-Nilou Lab	Aug 10, 2021	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Dec 28, 2023	This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with arginine, which is basic and polar, at codon 216 of the ADA protein (p.Gly216Arg). This variant is present in population databases (rs121908723, gnomAD 0.004%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with adenosine deaminase deficiency (PMID: 1346349, 1680289, 9108404, 9758612, 26255240). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 1968). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt ADA protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects ADA function (PMID: 8258146, 9108404, 9758612). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Aug 27, 2017	Variant summary: The c.646G>A (p.Gly216Arg) in ADA gene is a missense change that involves a highly conserved nucleotide and 5/5 in silico tools predict deleterious outcome. The variant of interest is located within the active site of conserved domain and mutations were proven to lead to severe SCID presentation due to complete abolishment of all residual enzyme activity. The variant is present in the large control population dataset of ExAC at a frequency 1.65e-05 (2/121232 chrs tested). The variant has been identified homozygously or in the compound heterozygous state in numerous affected individuals with severe presentation. Lastly, multiple reputable databases/diagnostic centers classified the variant of interest as Pathogenic. Taken together, the variant was classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, reviewed by expert panel	curation	ClinGen Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Variant Curation Expert Panel, ClinGen	Jan 24, 2024	NM_000022.4 :c.646G>A is a missense variant predicted to cause substitution of Glycine by Arginine at amino acid 216 (p.Gly216Arg). The filtering allele frequency (the upper threshold of the 95% CI of 46/1180026) of the c.646G>A variant in ADA is 0.00002743 for European Non-Finnish chromosomes by gnomAD v4, which is lower than the ClinGen SCID VCEP threshold (<0.0001742) for PM2_Supporting, and therefore meets this criterion (PM2_Supporting).The variant has been reported to segregate with SCID in 4 affected family members from 2 families (PP1_strong; PMID : 26255240). This variant has been detected in 15 individuals with ADA deficient SCID. Of those individuals, 3 were compound heterozygous for the variant and a pathogenic variant (Glu319Glyfs*320 ,confirmed in trans ,1pt.). 12 individuals were homozygous for the variant (1 pt.) (total: 2 pts; PM3_Strong ,PMID : 26255240). Male patient with SCID (0.5 pt.), genome sequencing conducted (0.5 pt.), reduced ADA enzyme activity in patient cells (1 pt),SCID phenotype corrected by exogenous ADA supplementation (1 pt.),Increased dATP in pretreatment erythrocytes (2 pts.). (PP4_Moderate (5 pts.), PMID: 1680289). ADA activity in SØ3834 was 30.4 nmol/h/mg protein which is .012 % of wild type ADA activity indicating that this variant impacts protein function (PMID : 9758612, PS3_Moderate). Based on the above evidence, the variant may be classified as pathogenic for autosomal recessive severe combined immunodeficiency due to ADA deficiency based on the ACMG/AMP criteria applied, as specified by the ClinGen SCID VCEP: PP1_strong,PM2_supporting,PM3_strong,PP4_moderate,PS3_moderate (VCEP specifications version 1). -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Oct 01, 1991	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Natera, Inc.	Sep 16, 2020	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Feb 14, 2017	- -

not provided Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Jul 10, 2017	The G216R missense variant in the ADA gene has been reported previously in association with adenosine adeaminase deficiency in patients of varied ancestries (Hirschhorn et al., 1991; Arredondo-Vega et al., 1998; Adams et al., 2015; Baffelli et al., 2015). It was not observed in approximately 6,500 individuals of European and African American ancestry in the NHLBI Exome Sequencing Project, indicating it is not a common benign variant in these populations. G216R is a non-conservative amino acid substitution, which is likely to impact secondary protein structure as these residues differ in polarity, charge, size and/or other properties. This substitution occurs at a position that is conserved across species, and in silico analysis predicts this variant is probably damaging to the protein structure/function. Missense variants in nearby residues (R211H/C, V213F, A215T, E217K) have been reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database in association with ADA-related disorders (Stenson et al., 2014), supporting the functional importance of this region of the protein. In addition, functional studies have shown that the G216R variant results in reduced catalytic activity and early clinical presentation of the disorder (Arredondo-Vega et al., 1998). Therefore, we consider this variant to be pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	Mar 01, 2024	ADA: PM3:Very Strong, PM2, PS3:Supporting -

ADA-related disorder Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Feb 29, 2024

The ADA c.646G>A variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Gly216Arg. This variant in the homozygous and compound heterozygous conditions was reported in multiple individuals with adenosine deaminase deficiency/severe combined immunodeficiency (see example: Hirschhorn et al 1991. PubMed ID: 1680289; Mantravadi et al. 2021. PubMed ID: 3453967; Pajno et al. 2020. PubMed ID: 32307643; Verhagen et al. 2020. PubMed ID: 31858364). This variant is reported in 0.0040% of alleles in individuals of African descent in gnomAD. This variant is interpreted as pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.95
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.57	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.59
Cadd	Pathogenic	30
Dann	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.99	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.64
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.45
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.94	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.66	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.3	H
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	A;A;A;A
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.70	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.4	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.94
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0010	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		1.0
MutPred		0.97		Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0506);
MVP		0.96
MPC		0.69
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.0
Varity_R		0.98
gMVP		0.98

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.060		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs121908723; hg19: chr20-43251680;