rs121964979

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points: 14P and 0B. PM1PM2PP3_ModeratePP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000170.3(GLDC):c.1166C>T(p.Ala389Val) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000156 in 1,605,198 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 12/21 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. A389A) has been classified as Likely benign.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000033 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000014 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GLDC
NM_000170.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:6

Conservation

PhyloP100: 9.13

Variant links:

Genes affected

GLDC (HGNC:4313): (glycine decarboxylase) Degradation of glycine is brought about by the glycine cleavage system, which is composed of four mitochondrial protein components: P protein (a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent glycine decarboxylase), H protein (a lipoic acid-containing protein), T protein (a tetrahydrofolate-requiring enzyme), and L protein (a lipoamide dehydrogenase). The protein encoded by this gene is the P protein, which binds to glycine and enables the methylamine group from glycine to be transferred to the T protein. Defects in this gene are a cause of nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH).[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

GLDC links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 14 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 4 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 2 uncertain in NM_000170.3

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.92

PP5

Variant 9-6595109-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr9-6595109-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 11989.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr9-6595109-G-A is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chr9-6595109-G-A is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
GLDC	NM_000170.3 linkuse as main transcript	c.1166C>T	p.Ala389Val	missense_variant	9/25	ENST00000321612.8

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
GLDC	ENST00000321612.8 linkuse as main transcript	c.1166C>T	p.Ala389Val	missense_variant	9/25	1	NM_000170.3	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000329

AC:

AN:

152200

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.000207

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000588

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000279

AC:

AN:

251148

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000221

AC XY:

AN XY:

135744

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000616

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000138

AC:

AN:

1452998

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000166

AC XY:

AN XY:

723598

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.0000116

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.0000188

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000154

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000166

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000329

AC:

AN:

152200

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000269

AC XY:

AN XY:

74360

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.000207

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000588

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000636

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000378

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000116

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000330

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Non-ketotic hyperglycinemia

Pathogenic:5

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	Apr 27, 2017	Across a selection of the available literature, the GLDC c.1166C>T (p.Ala389Val) variant has been identified 25 patients with glycine encephalopathy, including in a homozygous state in 11 patients and in a compound heterozygous state in 14 patients (Applegarth et al. 2004; Dinopoulos et al. 2005; Kure et al. 2006; Swanson et al. 2015; Coughlin et al. 2016). The variant has also been identified in four unaffected family members (Dinopoulos et al. 2005). The p.Ala389Val variant was absent from 300 controls and is reported at a frequency of 0.00006 in the European (non-Finnish) population of the Exome Aggregation Consortium. The Ala389 residue is conserved. Functional expression studies in COS-7 cells showed that the variant enzyme retained from 7.9% to over 10% of the wild type enzymatic activity which may explain the mild phenotype (Dinopoulos et al. 2005; Swanson et al. 2015). The Ala389 residue is highly conserved. Based on the collective evidence, the p. Ala389Val variant is classified as pathogenic for glycine encephalopathy. This variant was observed by ICSL as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Revvity Omics, Revvity	May 16, 2019	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Apr 12, 2005	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Nov 28, 2023	This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with valine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 389 of the GLDC protein (p.Ala389Val). This variant is present in population databases (rs121964979, gnomAD 0.008%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with glycine encephalopathy (PMID: 15824356, 16450403, 26179960, 26749113). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 11989). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt GLDC protein function with a positive predictive value of 80%. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects GLDC function (PMID: 15824356, 26179960). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Natera, Inc.	May 20, 2020	- -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Apr 22, 2022

Homozygous individuals in the literature (Applegarth et al., 2004; Dinopooulos et al., 2005) reported to have milder nonketotic hyperglycinemia phenotype or phenotypic variability; In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Not observed at a significant frequency in large population cohorts, and no individuals were reported to be homozygous (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 26179960, 26749113, 15824356, 15272469, 32421718, 27362913, 16450403) -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.93

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.44

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.58

Cadd

Pathogenic

Dann

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.82

D;.

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.97

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.88

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.99

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

1.0

D;D

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.50

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.92

D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.1

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

2.9

M;.

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.79

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-4.0

D;.

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.95

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;.

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;.

Polyphen

1.0

D;.

Vest4

0.95

MVP

1.0

MPC

0.32

ClinPred

0.97

GERP RS

4.7

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.97

gMVP

0.89

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over