rs140807148

Variant names:

• chr19-11105231-T-C
• rs140807148
• NM_000527.5:c.325T>C

Your query was ambiguous. Multiple possible variants found:

• chr19-11105231-T-C
• chr19-11105231-T-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 24 ACMG points: 24P and 0B. PS1_Very_Strong PS3 PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5

The NM_000527.5(LDLR):​c.325T>C​(p.Cys109Arg) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000274 in 1,461,076 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). ClinVar reports functional evidence for this variant: "SCV000987037: This change has already been described in the literature as FH Munster-1 allele, detected in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, and associated with elevated cholesterol and LDL-C levels. It leads to a strong reduction of LDL receptor activity. PMID:11313767, 1301956" and additional evidence is available in ClinVar. Another nucleotide change resulting in the same amino acid substitution has been previously reported as Likely pathogenic in ClinVar. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. C109F) has been classified as Likely pathogenic. The gene LDLR is included in the ClinGen Criteria Specification Registry.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000027 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: LDLR NM_000527.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:11 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.99
• Publications: 6 publications found

Genes affected

LDLR (HGNC:6547): (low density lipoprotein receptor) The low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family consists of cell surface proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of specific ligands. The encoded protein is normally bound at the cell membrane, where it binds low density lipoprotein/cholesterol and is taken into the cell. Lysosomes release the cholesterol, which is made available for repression of microsomal enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase, the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. At the same time, a reciprocal stimulation of cholesterol ester synthesis takes place. Mutations in this gene cause the autosomal dominant disorder, familial hypercholesterolemia. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

LDLR Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1

  Inheritance: AD, SD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Genomics England PanelApp, ClinGen
• homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia

  Inheritance: AR Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Specifications for LDLR are available in the ClinGen Criteria Specification Registry and recommended for reference when assigning criteria.

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 24 ACMG points.

• PS1: Transcript NM_000527.5 (LDLR) is affected with MISSENSE_VARIANT having same AA change as one Pathogenic present in ClinVar.
• PS3: PS3 evidence extracted from ClinVar submissions: SCV000987037: This change has already been described in the literature as FH Munster-1 allele, detected in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, and associated with elevated cholesterol and LDL-C levels. It leads to a strong reduction of LDL receptor activity. PMID: 11313767, 1301956; SCV006080168: Published functional studies in fibroblast suggests the p.(C88R) variant shows a 15-30% reduction in LDL receptor activity compared to the wild-type (PMID: 1301956); SCV004298311: Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt LDLR protein function.
• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 15 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 2 benign, 12 uncertain in NM_000527.5
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr19-11105232-G-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 251157.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 678 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 92 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 0.12407 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 0.59338 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.975
• PP5: Variant 19-11105231-T-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-11105231-T-C is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 251156.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000527.5. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	LDLR	NM_000527.5	MANE Select	c.325T>C	p.Cys109Arg	missense	Exon 4 of 18	NP_000518.1	P01130-1
	LDLR	NM_001195798.2		c.325T>C	p.Cys109Arg	missense	Exon 4 of 18	NP_001182727.1	P01130-5
	LDLR	NM_001195799.2		c.202T>C	p.Cys68Arg	missense	Exon 3 of 17	NP_001182728.1	P01130-4

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	LDLR	ENST00000558518.6	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.325T>C	p.Cys109Arg	missense	Exon 4 of 18	ENSP00000454071.1	P01130-1
	LDLR	ENST00000252444.10	TSL:1	c.583T>C	p.Cys195Arg	missense	Exon 4 of 18	ENSP00000252444.6	J3KMZ9
	LDLR	ENST00000558013.5	TSL:1	c.325T>C	p.Cys109Arg	missense	Exon 4 of 18	ENSP00000453346.1	P01130-5

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.00000799 AC: 2 AN: 250272 AF XY: 0.0000147

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000177

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000274 AC: 4 AN: 1461076 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000413 AC XY: 3 AN XY: 726864

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33478

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26136

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86256

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 52616

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000360 AC: 4 AN: 1112010

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60388

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000113

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
6	1	-	Hypercholesterolemia, familial, 1 (7)
2	-	-	Familial hypercholesterolemia (2)
2	-	-	not provided (2)
1	-	-	Cardiovascular phenotype (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.99
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.55	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.56
CADD	Pathogenic	27
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.97	D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.74
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.55
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	1.0	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.87	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.95	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.98	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.97	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.5	H
PhyloP100		5.0
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.63	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-9.9	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.96
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Polyphen		0.99	D
Vest4		0.57
MVP		1.0
MPC		1.1
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		5.3
PromoterAI		0.0040	Neutral
RBP_binding_hub_radar		1.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		2.8
Varity_R		0.99
gMVP		1.0
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs140807148; hg19: chr19-11215907;