rs140989375

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points: 3P and 5B. PM2PP2BP4_StrongBS1_Supporting

The NM_006420.3(ARFGEF2):c.695G>A(p.Arg232His) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000052 in 1,613,984 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/21 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R232C) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000085 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000049 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

ARFGEF2
NM_006420.3 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:4

Conservation

PhyloP100: -1.06

Variant links:

Genes affected

ARFGEF2 (HGNC:15853): (ADP ribosylation factor guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2) ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) play an important role in intracellular vesicular trafficking. The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the activation of ARFs by accelerating replacement of bound GDP with GTP and is involved in Golgi transport. It contains a Sec7 domain, which may be responsible for its guanine-nucleotide exchange activity and also brefeldin A inhibition. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ARFGEF2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_benign. Variant got -2 ACMG points.

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP2

Missense variant where missense usually causes diseases, ARFGEF2

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.057953835).

BS1

Variant frequency is greater than expected in population nfe. gnomad4 allele frequency = 0.0000855 (13/152092) while in subpopulation NFE AF= 0.000147 (10/68030). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.0000791. There are 0 homozygotes in gnomad4. There are 5 alleles in male gnomad4 subpopulation. This position pass quality control queck. Existence of Clinvar submissions makes me limit the strength of this signal to Supporting

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE
ARFGEF2	NM_006420.3 linkuse as main transcript	c.695G>A	p.Arg232His	missense_variant	6/39	ENST00000371917.5
ARFGEF2	NM_001410846.1 linkuse as main transcript	c.695G>A	p.Arg232His	missense_variant	6/39
ARFGEF2	XM_047439832.1 linkuse as main transcript	c.131G>A	p.Arg44His	missense_variant	4/37

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
ARFGEF2	ENST00000371917.5 linkuse as main transcript	c.695G>A	p.Arg232His	missense_variant	6/39	1	NM_006420.3	P4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000855

AC:

AN:

152092

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000242

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.000189

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000716

AC:

AN:

251420

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000810

AC XY:

AN XY:

135872

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.0000615

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.0000578

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.0000462

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000123

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000486

AC:

AN:

1461892

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000536

AC XY:

AN XY:

727246

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.0000447

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.0000348

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.0000562

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000531

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000497

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000855

AC:

AN:

152092

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000673

AC XY:

AN XY:

74296

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.0000242

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.000189

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.000147

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000915

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000680

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.000227

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000741

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.000273

EpiControl

AF:

0.000296

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:4

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Periventricular heterotopia with microcephaly, autosomal recessive

Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	Jan 12, 2018	This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute	May 21, 2020	A heterozygous missense variant was identified, NM_006420.2(ARFGEF2):c.695G>A in exon 6 of 39of the ARFGEF2 gene. This substitution is predicted to create a minor amino acid change from arginine to histidine at position 232 of the protein, NP_006411.2(ARFGEF2):p.(Arg232His). The arginine at this position has low conservation (100 vertebrates, UCSC), and is not situated in a known functional domain (PDB, NCBI). In silico software predicts this variant to be tolerated (PolyPhen, SIFT, CADD, MutationTaster). The variant is present in the gnomAD population database at a frequency of 0.0072% (18 heterozygotes; 0 homozygotes). Alternative changes to cysteine and leucine at the same residue have also been reported in the gnomAD database at frequencies of 0.018% and 0.0004%, respectively. The variant has previously been reported as a VUS (ClinVar). A different variant in the same codon resulting in a change to cysteine has also been reported as a VUS (Decipher). Based on information available at the time of curation, this variant has been classified as a VARIANT of UNCERTAIN SIGNIFICANCE (VUS) with LOW CLINICAL RELEVANCE. -

not specified

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Oct 23, 2015

- -

not provided

Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Aug 11, 2022

In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function output the following: SIFT: "Tolerated"; PolyPhen-2: "Benign"; Align-GVGD: "Class C0". The histidine amino acid residue is found in multiple mammalian species, which suggests that this missense change does not adversely affect protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 338681). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with ARFGEF2-related conditions. This variant is present in population databases (rs140989375, gnomAD 0.01%). This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with histidine, which is basic and polar, at codon 232 of the ARFGEF2 protein (p.Arg232His). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.069

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.46

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.67

Cadd

Benign

2.9

Dann

Benign

0.89

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.070

Eigen

Benign

-1.5

Eigen_PC

Benign

-1.5

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.016

LIST_S2

Benign

0.73

M_CAP

Benign

0.0037

MetaRNN

Benign

0.058

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.0

MutationAssessor

Benign

0.81

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

PrimateAI

Benign

0.21

PROVEAN

Benign

0.34

REVEL

Benign

0.052

Sift

Benign

0.24

Sift4G

Benign

0.25

Polyphen

0.0

Vest4

0.093

MVP

0.23

MPC

0.53

ClinPred

0.023

GERP RS

-5.9

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.1

Varity_R

0.018

gMVP

0.24

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over