rs141240580

chrX-77620396-C-GchrX-77620396-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 10 ACMG points: 10P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5

The NM_000489.6(ATRX):c.5271G>C(p.Glu1757Asp) variant causes a missense, splice region change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 2/2 splice prediction tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. E1757E) has been classified as Likely benign.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 23)
• Consequence: ATRX NM_000489.6 missense, splice_region
• Scores: Splicing: ADA: 0.0001215
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:1 U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 0.793

Genes affected

ATRX (HGNC:886): (ATRX chromatin remodeler) The protein encoded by this gene contains an ATPase/helicase domain, and thus it belongs to the SWI/SNF family of chromatin remodeling proteins. This protein is found to undergo cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation, which regulates its nuclear matrix and chromatin association, and suggests its involvement in the gene regulation at interphase and chromosomal segregation in mitosis. Mutations in this gene are associated with X-linked syndromes exhibiting cognitive disabilities as well as alpha-thalassemia (ATRX) syndrome. These mutations have been shown to cause diverse changes in the pattern of DNA methylation, which may provide a link between chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and gene expression in developmental processes. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2017]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 10 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a domain Helicase ATP-binding (size 187) in uniprot entity ATRX_HUMAN there are 20 pathogenic changes around while only 7 benign (74%) in NM_000489.6
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant where missense usually causes diseases, ATRX
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.976
• PP5: Variant X-77620396-C-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chrX-77620396-C-G is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 520958.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Uncertain_significance=2, Likely_pathogenic=1}.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
ATRX	NM_000489.6	c.5271G>C	p.Glu1757Asp	missense_variant, splice_region_variant	20/35	ENST00000373344.11

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
ATRX	ENST00000373344.11	c.5271G>C	p.Glu1757Asp	missense_variant, splice_region_variant	20/35	1	NM_000489.6	P3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 23

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 28

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 23

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Inborn genetic diseases Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Sep 06, 2016

- -

not specified Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Jun 08, 2020

Variant summary: ATRX c.5271G>C (p.Glu1757Asp) results in a conservative amino acid change located in the SNF2-related, N-terminal domain (IPR000330) of the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. At the nucleotide level, it alters a non-conserved penultimate nucleotide located at the end of exon 20 near the canonical splice donor site. 4/4 computational tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. However, these predictions have yet to be confirmed by functional studies. The variant was absent in 181739 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. To our knowledge, no occurrence of c.5271G>C in individuals affected with ATR-X Syndrome and no experimental evidence demonstrating its impact on protein function have been reported. One clinical diagnostic laboratory has submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation and classified the variant as uncertain significance citing gene specific literature that does not include this specific variant. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Alpha thalassemia-X-linked intellectual disability syndrome Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Oct 28, 2021

In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Align-GVGD) all suggest that this variant is likely to be disruptive. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 520958). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with ATRX-related conditions. This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces glutamic acid, which is acidic and polar, with aspartic acid, which is acidic and polar, at codon 1757 of the ATRX protein (p.Glu1757Asp). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.29	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.18
Cadd	Benign	20
Dann	Uncertain	1.0
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.93	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	1.0	D;.;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.90	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.57	T
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.88	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-2.7	D;D;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.79
Sift	Benign	0.037	D;D;.
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D;D
Vest4		0.75
MutPred		0.90		Gain of relative solvent accessibility (P = 0.2363);.;.;
MVP		0.95
MPC		2.5
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		0.66
gMVP		0.98

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
dbscSNV1_ADA	Benign	0.00012
dbscSNV1_RF	Benign	0.18
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs141240580; hg19: chrX-76875864;