rs141949212

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PM1PP3_ModeratePP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000275.3(OCA2):c.2339G>A(p.Gly780Asp) variant causes a missense, splice region change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000316 in 1,612,808 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 14/24 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. 2/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00018 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000016 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

OCA2
NM_000275.3 missense, splice_region

Scores

Splicing: ADA: 0.9997

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:14

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.54

Publications

3 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

OCA2 (HGNC:8101): (OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein) This gene encodes the human homolog of the mouse p (pink-eyed dilution) gene. The encoded protein is believed to be an integral membrane protein involved in small molecule transport, specifically tyrosine, which is a precursor to melanin synthesis. It is involved in mammalian pigmentation, where it may control skin color variation and act as a determinant of brown or blue eye color. Mutations in this gene result in type 2 oculocutaneous albinism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2014]

OCA2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

oculocutaneous albinism type 2
Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet, Ambry Genetics, G2P, ClinGen

OCA2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points.

PM1

In a hotspot region, there are 11 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 4 uncertain in NM_000275.3

PP3

Splicing predictors support a deleterious effect. Scorers claiming Pathogenic: dbscSNV1_ADA, dbscSNV1_RF. No scorers claiming Uncertain. Scorers claiming Benign: max_spliceai.

PP5

Variant 15-27845052-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr15-27845052-C-T is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic/Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 436090.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_000275.3. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	OCA2	NM_000275.3	MANE Select	c.2339G>A	p.Gly780Asp	missense splice_region	Exon 23 of 24	NP_000266.2
	OCA2	NM_001300984.2		c.2267G>A	p.Gly756Asp	missense splice_region	Exon 22 of 23	NP_001287913.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Selected	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	OCA2	ENST00000354638.8	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.2339G>A	p.Gly780Asp	missense splice_region	Exon 23 of 24	ENSP00000346659.3
	OCA2	ENST00000353809.9	TSL:1	c.2267G>A	p.Gly756Asp	missense splice_region	Exon 22 of 23	ENSP00000261276.8

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000184

AC:

AN:

151992

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.000652

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.0000655

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000398

AC:

AN:

251398

AF XY:

0.0000147

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000554

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000879

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000157

AC:

AN:

1460816

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00000413

AC XY:

AN XY:

726866

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.000508

AC:

AN:

33462

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44716

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26128

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39684

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86208

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

53418

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

9.00e-7

AC:

AN:

1111082

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000828

AC:

AN:

60350

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.460

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000184

AC:

AN:

151992

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000108

AC XY:

AN XY:

74228

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.000652

AC:

AN:

41382

American (AMR)

AF:

0.0000655

AC:

AN:

15268

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3470

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5174

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4796

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10580

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

68002

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2092

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.509

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.000149

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000193

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.000454

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000247

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:14

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism

Pathogenic:6

Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Bordeaux

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Jun 08, 2022

Greenwood Genetic Center Diagnostic Laboratories, Greenwood Genetic Center

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

PM2, PM3_Strong, PP3

Jun 15, 2023

3billion

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The variant is observed at an extremely low frequency in the gnomAD v2.1.1 dataset (total allele frequency: 0.006%). Predicted Consequence/Location: Missense variant In silico tool predictions suggest damaging effect of the variant on gene or gene product (REVEL: 0.90; 3Cnet: 0.90). Same nucleotide change resulting in same amino acid change has been previously reported as pathogenic/likely pathogenic with strong evidence (ClinVar ID: VCV000436090 /PMID: 28041643 /3billion dataset).A different missense change at the same codon (p.Gly780Ser) has been reported to be associated with OCA2 related disorder (PMID: 32741191). Therefore, this variant is classified as Likely pathogenic according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline.

Nov 10, 2015

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Nov 07, 2021

Genome-Nilou Lab

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Aug 24, 2021

MGZ Medical Genetics Center

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

not provided

Pathogenic:2

Dec 18, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with aspartic acid, which is acidic and polar, at codon 780 of the OCA2 protein (p.Gly780Asp). This variant is present in population databases (rs141949212, gnomAD 0.06%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of ocular albinism and/or oculocutaneous albinism (PMID: 28041643, 28976636, 29345414; internal data). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 436090). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic.

May 20, 2025

GeneDx

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 28041643, 28976636, 32581362, 31589614, 34838614, 36098180, 38720644, 39201349, 29345414, 37650133, 38219857)

Oculocutaneous albinism

Pathogenic:1

Aug 18, 2023

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: OCA2 c.2339G>A (p.Gly780Asp) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. Several computational tools predict a significant impact on normal splicing: Three predict the variant weakens the canonical 3' acceptor site. However, these predictions have yet to be confirmed by functional studies. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 4e-05 in 251398 control chromosomes (gnomAD). This frequency is not significantly higher than estimated for a pathogenic variant in OCA2 causing Oculocutaneous Albinism (4e-05 vs 0.0043), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.2339G>A has been reported in the literature in multiple bi-allelic individuals affected with Oculocutaneous Albinism (example: Lasseaux_OCA2_PCMR_2018). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. The following publication has been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 29345414). Ten submitters have cited clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014. All submitters classified the variant as pathogenic/likely pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic.

SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 1, BLUE/NONBLUE EYES

Pathogenic:1

Mar 04, 2024

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

OCA2-related disorder

Pathogenic:1

Apr 30, 2024

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

The OCA2 c.2339G>A variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Gly780Asp. This variant has been reported in individuals with oculocutaneous albinism (Table S2, patient G004719, Carss et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 28041643; Marti et al. 2018. PubMed ID: 28976636; Table S3, Lasseaux et al. 2018. PubMed ID: 29345414). Additionally, at PreventionGenetics, we have identified this variant, along with a second pathogenic OCA2 variant in at least six unrelated patients with oculocutaneous albinism. This variant is reported in 0.060% of alleles in individuals of African descent in gnomAD, and has been classified as likely pathogenic and pathogenic by numerous labs in ClinVar (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/436090/). Given the evidence, we interpret c.2339G>A (p.Gly780Asp) as pathogenic.

Inborn genetic diseases

Pathogenic:1

May 03, 2018

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Albinism

Pathogenic:1

Jan 01, 2015

NIHR Bioresource Rare Diseases, University of Cambridge

Significance:Likely pathogenic

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:research

Tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism;C1856895:SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 1, BLUE/NONBLUE EYES

Pathogenic:1

Apr 16, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Pathogenic

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.99

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.16

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.37

CADD

Pathogenic

(source)

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.80

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.94

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.83

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.96

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.95

M_CAP

Benign

0.018

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.95

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

0.83

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

4.1

PhyloP100

7.5

PrimateAI

Pathogenic

0.87

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-6.2

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.90

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

Polyphen

1.0

Vest4

0.93

MVP

0.97

MPC

0.55

ClinPred

0.99

GERP RS

5.7

Varity_R

0.91

gMVP

0.99

Mutation Taster

=11/89

disease causing (ClinVar)

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

dbscSNV1_ADA

Pathogenic

1.0

dbscSNV1_RF

Pathogenic

0.97

SpliceAI score (max)

0.010

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Variant Effect in Transcripts

RefSeq Transcripts

Ensembl Transcripts

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over