rs142988357

Positions:

• chr2-31342214-A-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 4 ACMG points: 4P and 0B. PM2 PP3_Moderate

The NM_000379.4(XDH):​c.3488T>C​(p.Val1163Ala) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000013 in 1,461,838 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000013 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: XDH NM_000379.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.04

Genes affected

XDH (HGNC:12805): (xanthine dehydrogenase) Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the oxidative metabolism of purines. The encoded protein has been identified as a moonlighting protein based on its ability to perform mechanistically distinct functions. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase cause xanthinuria, may contribute to adult respiratory stress syndrome, and may potentiate influenza infection through an oxygen metabolite-dependent mechanism. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 4 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.886

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
XDH	NM_000379.4	c.3488T>C	p.Val1163Ala	missense_variant	32/36	ENST00000379416.4	NP_000370.2
XDH	XM_011533095.3	c.3485T>C	p.Val1162Ala	missense_variant	32/36		XP_011531397.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
XDH	ENST00000379416.4	c.3488T>C	p.Val1163Ala	missense_variant	32/36	1	NM_000379.4	ENSP00000368727.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000119 AC: 3 AN: 251452 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00000736 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 135892

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.000163

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000130 AC: 19 AN: 1461838 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.0000110 AC XY: 8 AN XY: 727224

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.0000171

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

TwinsUK AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ALSPAC AF: 0.000259 AC: 1

ESP6500AA AF: 0.00 AC: 0

ESP6500EA AF: 0.000116 AC: 1

ExAC AF: 0.00000824 AC: 1

EpiCase AF: 0.000109

EpiControl AF: 0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary xanthinuria type 1 Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	Jan 13, 2018	This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score, this variant could not be ruled out of causing disease and therefore its association with disease required further investigation. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (if applicable). No publications were found based on this search. This variant was therefore classified as a variant of unknown significance for this disease. -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics	Mar 29, 2022	- -

Xanthinuria type II Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Jul 15, 2022

This sequence change replaces valine, which is neutral and non-polar, with alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 1163 of the XDH protein (p.Val1163Ala). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of sequence changes on RNA splicing suggest that this variant may create or strengthen a splice site. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (SIFT, PolyPhen-2, Align-GVGD) all suggest that this variant is likely to be disruptive. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 576949). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with XDH-related conditions. This variant is present in population databases (rs142988357, gnomAD 0.003%). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.41
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.28	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.23
CADD	Pathogenic	28
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.19	T
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.78
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.69
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.90	D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.16	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.89	D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.15	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.8	M
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.82	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.7	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.72
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.024	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.94
MVP		0.81
MPC		0.29
ClinPred		0.98	D
GERP RS		5.8
Varity_R		0.86
gMVP		0.86

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.040		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs142988357; hg19: chr2-31565080;