rs1440541889

Positions:

chr13-23355005-G-A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 4 ACMG points: 4P and 0B. PM2PP3PP5

The NM_014363.6(SACS):c.1607C>T(p.Pro536Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000372 in 1,614,070 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000034 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

SACS
NM_014363.6 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:5U:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 9.91

Variant links:

Genes affected

SACS (HGNC:10519): (sacsin molecular chaperone) This gene encodes the sacsin protein, which includes a UbL domain at the N-terminus, a DnaJ domain, and a HEPN domain at the C-terminus. The gene is highly expressed in the central nervous system, also found in skin, skeletal muscles and at low levels in the pancreas. This gene includes a very large exon spanning more than 12.8 kb. Mutations in this gene result in autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early-onset cerebellar ataxia with spasticity and peripheral neuropathy. The authors of a publication on the effects of siRNA-mediated sacsin knockdown concluded that sacsin protects against mutant ataxin-1 and suggest that "the large multi-domain sacsin protein is able to recruit Hsp70 chaperone action and has the potential to regulate the effects of other ataxia proteins" (Parfitt et al., PubMed: 19208651). A pseudogene associated with this gene is located on chromosome 11. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

SACS links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 4 ACMG points.

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.825

PP5

Variant 13-23355005-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr13-23355005-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 449520.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Likely_pathogenic=5, Uncertain_significance=1}. Variant chr13-23355005-G-A is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
SACS	NM_014363.6 linkuse as main transcript	c.1607C>T	p.Pro536Leu	missense_variant	8/10	ENST00000382292.9	NP_055178.3

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
SACS	ENST00000382292.9 linkuse as main transcript	c.1607C>T	p.Pro536Leu	missense_variant	8/10	5	NM_014363.6	ENSP00000371729	P1	Q9NZJ4-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.00000657

AC:

AN:

152186

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.00000796

AC:

AN:

251216

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

135792

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000176

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.00000342

AC:

AN:

1461884

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.00

AC XY:

AN XY:

727246

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.0000252

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000360

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.00000657

AC:

AN:

152186

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74344

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000147

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.0000712

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000151

EpiCase

AF:

0.00

EpiControl

AF:

0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Charlevoix-Saguenay spastic ataxia

Pathogenic:3Uncertain:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	May 19, 2023	Variant summary: SACS c.1607C>T (p.Pro536Leu) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 8e-06 in 251216 control chromosomes (gnomAD). c.1607C>T has been reported in the literature as a biallelic genotype in individuals affected with Autosomal Recessive Spastic Ataxia Of Charlevoix-Saguenay (e.g. Anheim_2008, Ganapathy_2016, Longo_2021). These data indicate that the variant is likely to be associated with disease. Using fibroblasts from a compound heterozygous patient, the variant protein was found to undergo rapid ubiquitination and degradation, resulting in undetectable levels of mature SACS protein (Longo_2021). The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 18439928, 31069529, 34649874). Four ClinVar submitters have assessed the variant since 2014: one classified the variant as uncertain significance, and three as likely pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as likely pathogenic. -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Jan 30, 2024	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Nov 08, 2021	NM_014363.4(SACS):c.1607C>T(P536L) is a missense variant classified as a variant of uncertain significance in the context of autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay. P536L has been observed in cases with relevant disease (PMID: 18439928). Functional assessments of this variant are not available in the literature. P536L has been observed in population frequency databases (gnomAD: NFE 0.002%). In summary, there is insufficient evidence to classify NM_014363.4(SACS):c.1607C>T(P536L) as pathogenic or benign. Please note: this variant was assessed in the context of healthy population screening. -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Genome-Nilou Lab	Sep 05, 2021	- -

Spastic paraplegia

Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Nov 20, 2023

This sequence change replaces proline, which is neutral and non-polar, with leucine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 536 of the SACS protein (p.Pro536Leu). This variant is present in population databases (no rsID available, gnomAD 0.002%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with SACS-related conditions (PMID: 18439928, 31069529, 34649874). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 449520). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt SACS protein function with a negative predictive value of 95%. In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Jul 12, 2017

The P536L variant in the SACS gene has been reported previously in association with autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (Anheim et al., 2008). The P536L variant is not observed in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016; 1000 Genomes Consortium et al., 2015; Exome Variant Server). The P536L variant is a semi-conservative amino acid substitution, which may impact secondary protein structure as these residues differ in some properties. Additionally, this substitution occurs at a position that is conserved across species, and in silico analysis predicts this variant is probably damaging to the protein structure/function. We interpret P536L as a likely pathogenic variant. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.92

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.27

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.16

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.77

D;.;.

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.90

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.88

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.98

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.88

D;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.13

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.83

D;D;D

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.87

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.6

H;.;.

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

D;D;D

PrimateAI

Benign

0.44

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-6.7

D;.;.

REVEL

Uncertain

0.59

Sift

Pathogenic

0.0

D;.;.

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0

D;.;.

Polyphen

0.90

P;.;.

Vest4

0.94

MutPred

0.49

Loss of loop (P = 0.0031);Loss of loop (P = 0.0031);Loss of loop (P = 0.0031);

MVP

0.73

ClinPred

0.99

GERP RS

5.6

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.70

gMVP

0.84

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over