rs144707871

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points: 0P and 2B. BP4_Moderate

The NM_002691.4(POLD1):c.203G>A(p.Gly68Glu) variant causes a missense, splice region change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000633 in 1,611,816 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 16/24 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predict no significant impact on normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. G68R) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000069 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

POLD1
NM_002691.4 missense, splice_region

Scores

Splicing: ADA: 0.05342

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:10B:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 5.01

Publications

0 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

POLD1 (HGNC:9175): (DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit) This gene encodes the 125-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta. DNA polymerase delta possesses both polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activity and plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

POLD1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

POLD1-related polyposis and colorectal cancer syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10
Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
mandibular hypoplasia-deafness-progeroid syndrome
Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE, LIMITED Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), PanelApp Australia, Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics, Orphanet, G2P
Polymerase proofreading-related adenomatous polyposis
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
immunodeficiency 120
Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
non-severe combined immunodeficiency due to polymerase delta deficiency
Inheritance: AR Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: ClinGen

POLD1 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Likely_benign. The variant received -2 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.2048637).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
POLD1	NM_002691.4 link	c.203G>A	p.Gly68Glu	missense_variant, splice_region_variant	Exon 3 of 27	ENST00000440232.7	NP_002682.2	P28340A0A024R4F4Q59FA0

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
POLD1	ENST00000440232.7 link	c.203G>A	p.Gly68Glu	missense_variant, splice_region_variant	Exon 3 of 27	1	NM_002691.4	ENSP00000406046.1		P28340

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152188

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.0000319

AC:

AN:

250932

AF XY:

0.0000221

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000705

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000685

AC:

100

AN:

1459628

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000688

AC XY:

AN XY:

726276

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000299

AC:

AN:

33402

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

44722

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.0000383

AC:

AN:

26124

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

86192

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.0000187

AC:

AN:

53418

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5762

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000856

AC:

AN:

1110036

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.0000332

AC:

AN:

60272

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.508

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000131

AC:

AN:

152188

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000134

AC XY:

AN XY:

74354

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

41450

American (AMR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

15272

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3468

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5194

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4830

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10620

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

316

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.0000294

AC:

AN:

68036

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2092

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.475

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Alfa

AF:

0.0000900

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000302

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000116

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000247

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.000109

EpiControl

AF:

0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:10Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:2Benign:1

Jul 01, 2022

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

POLD1: BP4 -

Oct 29, 2024

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In silico analysis indicates that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Has not been previously published as pathogenic or benign to our knowledge -

Apr 14, 2022

ARUP Laboratories, Molecular Genetics and Genomics, ARUP Laboratories

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The POLD1 c.203G>A; p.Gly68Glu variant (rs144707871), to our knowledge, is not reported in the medical literature but is reported in ClinVar (Variation ID: 239267). This variant is found in the general population with an overall allele frequency of 0.003% (8/250932 alleles) in the Genome Aggregation Database. The glycine at codon 68 is moderately conserved, but computational analyses predict that this variant is neutral (REVEL: 0.107). This variant is not located in the exonuclease domain (Palles 2013), and gene-disease association has not been established for variants outside of the exonuclease domain (Seifert 2019). However, due to limited information, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain at this time. References: Palles C et al. Germline mutations affecting the proofreading domains of POLE and POLD1 predispose to colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Nat Genet. 2013 Feb;45(2):136-44. PMID: 23263490 Seifert BA et al. Determining the clinical validity of hereditary colorectal cancer and polyposis susceptibility genes using the Clinical Genome Resource Clinical Validity Framework. Genet Med. 2019 Jul;21(7):1507-1516. PMID: 30523343 -

not specified

Uncertain:2

Dec 08, 2016

Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Mass General Brigham Personalized Medicine

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The p.Gly68Glu variant in POLD1 has not been previously reported in individuals with colorectal cancer. This variant has been identified in 3/66138 European chr omosomes by the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC, http://exac.broadinstitute.o rg; dbSNP rs144707871). Computational prediction tools and conservation analysis do not provide strong support for or against an impact to the protein. This var iant is located in the first base of the exon (which is part of the 3? splice re gion) but computational tools do not suggest a significant impact on splicing. H owever, this information is not predictive enough to determine pathogenicity. In summary, the clinical significance of the p.Gly68Glu variant is uncertain. -

Aug 04, 2016

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10

Uncertain:2

Aug 10, 2021

St. Jude Molecular Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The POLD1 c.203G>A (p.Gly68Glu) missense change has a maximum subpopulation frequency of 0.0071% in gnomAD v2.1.1 (https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/19-50902628-G-A). Four of six in silico tools predict a benign effect of this variant on protein function (BP4), but to our knowledge these predictions have not been confirmed by functional assays. In addition, algorithms that predict the impact of sequence changes on splicing indicate that this change is unlikely to significantly impact splicing. To our knowledge, this variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals with POLD1-related disease. In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as of uncertain significance based on the ACMG/AMP criteria: BP4. -

Dec 11, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, with glutamic acid, which is acidic and polar, at codon 68 of the POLD1 protein (p.Gly68Glu). This variant is present in population databases (rs144707871, gnomAD 0.007%). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with POLD1-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 239267). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. Studies have shown that this missense change is associated with inconclusive levels of altered splicing (internal data). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

POLD1-related disorder

Uncertain:1

Jul 20, 2023

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The POLD1 c.203G>A variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Gly68Glu. To our knowledge, this variant has not been reported in the literature. This variant is reported in 0.0071% of alleles in individuals of European (Non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD (http://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/19-50902628-G-A). It is interpreted as uncertain significance in ClinVar (https://preview.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/239267/). At this time, the clinical significance of this variant is uncertain due to the absence of conclusive functional and genetic evidence. -

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10;C3715192:Mandibular hypoplasia-deafness-progeroid syndrome

Uncertain:1

Oct 31, 2018

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Uncertain:1

Dec 17, 2024

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

The p.G68E variant (also known as c.203G>A) is located in coding exon 2 of the POLD1 gene. The glycine at codon 68 is replaced by glutamic acid, an amino acid with similar properties. This variant impacts the first base pair of coding exon 2. This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Based on the available evidence, the clinical significance of this variant remains unclear. -

Colorectal cancer, susceptibility to, 10;C3715192:Mandibular hypoplasia-deafness-progeroid syndrome;C5935622:Immunodeficiency 120

Uncertain:1

Jul 11, 2023

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sinai Health System

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.085

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.19

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.33

CADD

Benign

(source)

DANN

Benign

0.90

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.12

T;.;.;.;T;.

Eigen

Benign

-0.0090

Eigen_PC

Benign

0.088

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.97

LIST_S2

Benign

0.69

.;.;T;T;T;T

M_CAP

Benign

0.025

MetaRNN

Benign

0.20

T;T;T;T;T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.1

MutationAssessor

Benign

0.55

N;.;.;.;N;.

PhyloP100

5.0

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.53

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.70

N;.;.;.;.;.

REVEL

Benign

0.11

Sift

Benign

1.0

T;.;.;.;.;.

Sift4G

Benign

1.0

T;T;D;T;T;D

Polyphen

0.067

B;.;.;.;B;.

Vest4

0.53

MVP

0.60

MPC

0.76

ClinPred

0.14

GERP RS

3.9

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.070

gMVP

0.41

Mutation Taster

=36/64

disease causing

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

dbscSNV1_ADA

Benign

0.053

dbscSNV1_RF

Benign

0.30

SpliceAI score (max)

0.070

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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rs144707871

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over