rs145229472

Positions:

chr11-108146200-A-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 20 ACMG points: 20P and 0B. PVS1PM2PP3_ModeratePP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000019.4(ACAT1):c.1006-2A>C variant causes a splice acceptor change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000255 in 1,607,290 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 3/3 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000026 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000025 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

ACAT1
NM_000019.4 splice_acceptor

Scores

Splicing: ADA: 0.9999

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:7

Conservation

PhyloP100: 9.05

Variant links:

Genes affected

ACAT1 (HGNC:93): (acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1) This gene encodes a mitochondrially localized enzyme that catalyzes the reversible formation of acetoacetyl-CoA from two molecules of acetyl-CoA. Defects in this gene are associated with 3-ketothiolase deficiency, an inborn error of isoleucine catabolism characterized by urinary excretion of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid, 2-methylacetoacetic acid, tiglylglycine, and butanone. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

ACAT1 links:

(HGNC:):

links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 20 ACMG points.

PVS1

Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, LoF is a know mechanism of disease, No cryptic splice site detected. Exon removal results in frameshift change.

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP3

Splicing scoreres supports a deletorius effect: Scorers claiming Pathogenic: dbscSNV1_ADA, dbscSNV1_RF, max_spliceai. No scorers claiming Uncertain. No scorers claiming Benign.

PP5

Variant 11-108146200-A-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr11-108146200-A-C is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 2835.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
ACAT1	NM_000019.4 linkuse as main transcript	c.1006-2A>C		splice_acceptor_variant		ENST00000265838.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
ACAT1	ENST00000265838.9 linkuse as main transcript	c.1006-2A>C		splice_acceptor_variant		1	NM_000019.4	P1	P24752-1
	ENST00000649165.1 linkuse as main transcript	n.535-3531T>G		intron_variant, non_coding_transcript_variant

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000263

AC:

AN:

152230

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000482

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.0000279

AC:

AN:

251070

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.0000221

AC XY:

AN XY:

135740

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000185

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.0000352

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000254

AC:

AN:

1455060

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000207

AC XY:

AN XY:

724394

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.0000300

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000325

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000263

AC:

AN:

152230

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000538

AC XY:

AN XY:

74374

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.0000482

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.000820

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.0000189

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.000227

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.0000330

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.00

EpiControl

AF:

0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:7

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Deficiency of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase

Pathogenic:6

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Feb 06, 2024	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Jan 02, 2018	Variant summary: The ACAT1 c.1006-2A>C variant involves the alteration of a conserved intronic nucleotide. One in silico tool predicts a damaging outcome for this variant. 2/5 splicing predicting tools predict that this variant eliminates the 3' splicing acceptor site. This variant was found in 8/245964 control chromosomes at a frequency of 0.0000325, which does not exceed the estimated maximal expected allele frequency of a pathogenic ACAT1 variant (0.0028868). This variant has been reported in at least two patients in the compound heterozygous state (Fukao_2010). The brother of one of the patients has the same genotype, however, is asymptomatic at the age of 21.5, suggesting the variant of interest may associate with reduced penetrance or late onset of the disease (Grunert_2017). Functional studies showed this variant leads to skipping of exon 11 and a smaller protein product (Fukao_1992). In addition, one reputable database classified this variant as pathogenic. Taken together, this variant is classified as pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	clinical testing	Natera, Inc.	Jul 28, 2021	- -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Feb 01, 1992	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Aug 29, 2023	ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 2835). Studies have shown that disruption of this splice site alters mRNA splicing and is expected to lead to the loss of protein expression (PMID: 1346617). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. Disruption of this splice site has been observed in individual(s) with beta-ketothiolase deficiency (PMID: 1346617). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. This variant is present in population databases (rs145229472, gnomAD 0.02%). This sequence change affects an acceptor splice site in intron 10 of the ACAT1 gene. It is expected to disrupt RNA splicing. Variants that disrupt the donor or acceptor splice site typically lead to a loss of protein function (PMID: 16199547), and loss-of-function variants in ACAT1 are known to be pathogenic (PMID: 7749408). -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	research	Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University	May 05, 2019	- -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Sep 19, 2023

Published functional studies in vivo demonstrated that this variant results in aberrant splicing, leading to frameshift (Fukao T et al., 1992); Canonical splice site variant predicted to result in a null allele in a gene for which loss of function is a known mechanism of disease; This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 25525159, 28726122, 7173255, 25087612, 1346617) -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.43

BayesDel_noAF

Uncertain

0.12

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Uncertain

0.99

Eigen

Pathogenic

1.1

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.93

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

1.0

MutationTaster

Benign

1.0

GERP RS

5.9

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

dbscSNV1_ADA

Pathogenic

1.0

dbscSNV1_RF

Pathogenic

0.87

SpliceAI score (max)

0.99

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

DS_AG_spliceai

0.74

Position offset: 12

DS_AL_spliceai

0.99

Position offset: 2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over