rs149764887

Variant names:

Your query was ambiguous. Multiple possible variants found:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. The variant received -13 ACMG points: 0P and 13B. BP4_StrongBP6BS1BS2

The NM_004655.4(AXIN2):c.1685C>T(p.Pro562Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000471 in 1,614,122 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. 15/20 in silico tools predict a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. P562T) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00030 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00049 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

AXIN2
NM_004655.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications U:3B:13

Conservation

PhyloP100: -0.376

Publications

9 publications found

Variant links:

Genes affected

AXIN2 (HGNC:904): (axin 2) The Axin-related protein, Axin2, presumably plays an important role in the regulation of the stability of beta-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway, like its rodent homologs, mouse conductin/rat axil. In mouse, conductin organizes a multiprotein complex of APC (adenomatous polyposis of the colon), beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta, and conductin, which leads to the degradation of beta-catenin. Apparently, the deregulation of beta-catenin is an important event in the genesis of a number of malignancies. The AXIN2 gene has been mapped to 17q23-q24, a region that shows frequent loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and other tumors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with colorectal cancer with defective mismatch repair. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

AXIN2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome
Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Ambry Genetics, Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
tooth agenesis
Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
craniosynostosis
Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics

AXIN2 links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification was made for transcript

Our verdict: Benign. The variant received -13 ACMG points.

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.013717681).

BP6

Variant 17-65537351-G-A is Benign according to our data. Variant chr17-65537351-G-A is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 127937.

BS1

Variant frequency is greater than expected in population nfe. GnomAd4 allele frequency = 0.000302 (46/152258) while in subpopulation NFE AF = 0.000588 (40/68036). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.000444. There are 0 homozygotes in GnomAd4. There are 19 alleles in the male GnomAd4 subpopulation. Median coverage is 32. This position passed quality control check.

BS2

High AC in GnomAd4 at 46 AD gene.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
AXIN2	NM_004655.4 link	c.1685C>T	p.Pro562Leu	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 11	ENST00000307078.10	NP_004646.3	Q9Y2T1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	UniProt
AXIN2	ENST00000307078.10 link	c.1685C>T	p.Pro562Leu	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 11	1	NM_004655.4	ENSP00000302625.5	Q9Y2T1
AXIN2	ENST00000375702.5 link	c.1685C>T	p.Pro562Leu	missense_variant	Exon 5 of 9	1		ENSP00000364854.5	E7ES00
AXIN2	ENST00000618960.4 link	c.1685C>T	p.Pro562Leu	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 10	5		ENSP00000478916.1	E7ES00

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000309

AC:

AN:

152140

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.0000483

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.000262

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.000603

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD2 exomes

AF:

0.000336

AC:

AN:

249918

AF XY:

0.000340

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000173

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.0000462

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.000642

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000489

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000489

AC:

715

AN:

1461864

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000514

AC XY:

374

AN XY:

727230

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

33480

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000201

AC:

AN:

44724

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

26136

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

39700

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.0000348

AC:

AN:

86254

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.0000187

AC:

AN:

53420

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00104

AC:

AN:

5744

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000615

AC:

684

AN:

1112012

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.000199

AC:

AN:

60394

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.485

Heterozygous variant carriers

143

191

239

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Exome Het

Variant carriers

110

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000302

AC:

AN:

152258

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000255

AC XY:

AN XY:

74434

show subpopulations

African (AFR)

AF:

0.0000481

AC:

AN:

41566

American (AMR)

AF:

0.000262

AC:

AN:

15296

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

3470

East Asian (EAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

5132

South Asian (SAS)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

4830

European-Finnish (FIN)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

10606

Middle Eastern (MID)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

294

European-Non Finnish (NFE)

AF:

0.000588

AC:

AN:

68036

Other (OTH)

AF:

0.00

AC:

AN:

2116

Allele Balance Distribution

Red line indicates average allele balance

Average allele balance: 0.519

Heterozygous variant carriers

0.00

0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

0.95

Allele balance

Age Distribution

Genome Het

Variant carriers

<30

30-35

35-40

40-45

45-50

50-55

55-60

60-65

65-70

70-75

75-80

>80

Age

Alfa

AF:

0.000528

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000378

TwinsUK

AF:

0.000270

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000581

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000305

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.000654

EpiControl

AF:

0.000948

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3Benign:13

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Uncertain:1Benign:6

Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Feb 19, 2021

GeneDx

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant does not alter protein structure/function; Observed in individuals with primary melanoma but also in healthy controls (Pedace 2011); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 21294210, 26224873, 27739435, 28717660) -

Nov 03, 2021

Institute for Clinical Genetics, University Hospital TU Dresden, University Hospital TU Dresden

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Mar 01, 2023

CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

AXIN2: BP4 -

Mar 09, 2023

Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Clinical Genetics DNA and cytogenetics Diagnostics Lab, Erasmus MC, Erasmus Medical Center

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Oligodontia-cancer predisposition syndrome

Uncertain:1Benign:2

Jan 17, 2019

Baylor Genetics

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant was determined to be of uncertain significance according to ACMG Guidelines, 2015 [PMID:25741868]. -

Feb 02, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Jan 13, 2018

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant was observed in the ICSL laboratory as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. It had not been previously curated by ICSL or reported in the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD: prior to June 1st, 2018), and was therefore a candidate for classification through an automated scoring system. Utilizing variant allele frequency, disease prevalence and penetrance estimates, and inheritance mode, an automated score was calculated to assess if this variant is too frequent to cause the disease. Based on the score and internal cut-off values, a variant classified as benign is not then subjected to further curation. The score for this variant resulted in a classification of benign for this disease. -

not specified

Uncertain:1Benign:2

Mar 04, 2025

Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital

Significance:Uncertain significance

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

Feb 16, 2025

Laboratory of Genetics, Children's Clinical University Hospital Latvia

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

- -

May 02, 2022

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance:Benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

Variant summary: AXIN2 c.1685C>T (p.Pro562Leu) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a benign effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00034 in 249918 control chromosomes (gnomAD), predominantly at a frequency of 0.00064 within the Non-Finnish European subpopulation in the gnomAD database. The observed variant frequency within Non-Finnish European control individuals in the gnomAD database is approximately 4.5 fold of the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in AXIN2 causing Colorectal Cancer phenotype (0.00014), strongly suggesting that the variant is a benign polymorphism found primarily in populations of Non-Finnish European origin. c.1685C>T has been reported in the literature in individuals of Non-Finnish European ancestry affected tooth agenesis (Keskin_2021), Colorectal Cancer (Chan_2021), and Breast Cancer (Moradian_2021). These reports do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with disease. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. Six ClinVar submitters have assessed the variant since 2014: two classified the variant as of uncertain significance, three as likely benign, and one as benign. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as benign. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome

Benign:2

Mar 29, 2021

Sema4, Sema4

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:curation

- -

Oct 29, 2018

Ambry Genetics

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method:clinical testing

This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

AXIN2-related disorder

Benign:1

Jul 03, 2023

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Significance:Likely benign

Review Status:no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method:clinical testing

This variant is classified as likely benign based on ACMG/AMP sequence variant interpretation guidelines (Richards et al. 2015 PMID: 25741868, with internal and published modifications). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Benign

0.056

BayesDel_addAF

Benign

-0.53

BayesDel_noAF

Benign

-0.63

CADD

Benign

0.18

(source)

DANN

Benign

0.71

DEOGEN2

Benign

0.24

.;T;T

Eigen

Benign

-2.0

Eigen_PC

Benign

-2.0

FATHMM_MKL

Benign

0.087

LIST_S2

Benign

0.44

.;T;.

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.11

MetaRNN

Benign

0.014

T;T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-1.0

PhyloP100

-0.38

PrimateAI

Benign

0.29

PROVEAN

Benign

-0.57

N;.;N

REVEL

Benign

0.15

Sift

Benign

0.60

T;.;T

Sift4G

Benign

0.85

T;T;T

Polyphen

0.0

.;B;B

Vest4

0.075

MVP

0.085

MPC

0.18

ClinPred

0.026

GERP RS

-4.6

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.1

gMVP

0.16

Mutation Taster

=100/0

polymorphism

(source)

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

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Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

Publications

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

Age Distribution

Age Distribution

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

Other links and lift over