rs1553637312

Variant names:

• chr3-36993624-A-C
• rs1553637312
• NM_000249.4:c.77A>C

Your query was ambiguous. Multiple possible variants found:

• chr3-36993624-A-C
• chr3-36993624-A-G
• chr3-36993624-A-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 6 ACMG points: 6P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP3_Moderate

The NM_000249.4(MLH1):​c.77A>C​(p.Gln26Pro) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. Q26H) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
• Consequence: MLH1 NM_000249.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 8.85
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

MLH1 (HGNC:7127): (mutL homolog 1) The protein encoded by this gene can heterodimerize with mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2 to form MutL alpha, part of the DNA mismatch repair system. When MutL alpha is bound by MutS beta and some accessory proteins, the PMS2 subunit of MutL alpha introduces a single-strand break near DNA mismatches, providing an entry point for exonuclease degradation. The encoded protein is also involved in DNA damage signaling and can heterodimerize with DNA mismatch repair protein MLH3 to form MutL gamma, which is involved in meiosis. This gene was identified as a locus frequently mutated in hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC). [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

MLH1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• Lynch syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, ClinGen, Orphanet
• Lynch syndrome 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Genomics England PanelApp
• Muir-Torre syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, MODERATE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp, Ambry Genetics, G2P, Orphanet
• mismatch repair cancer syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AR Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, G2P, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet, ClinGen
• Lynch syndrome 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae)
• ovarian cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: STRONG Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• malignant pancreatic neoplasm

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• rhabdomyosarcoma

  Inheritance: AR Classification: MODERATE Submitted by: Genomics England PanelApp
• prostate cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: LIMITED Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• breast cancer

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: Ambry Genetics
• hereditary breast carcinoma

  Inheritance: AD Classification: NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 6 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 20 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 3 benign, 55 uncertain in NM_000249.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.923

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
MLH1	NM_000249.4	c.77A>C	p.Gln26Pro	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 19	ENST00000231790.8	NP_000240.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
MLH1	ENST00000231790.8	c.77A>C	p.Gln26Pro	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 19	1	NM_000249.4	ENSP00000231790.3

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal neoplasms Uncertain:1

Apr 21, 2017

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces glutamine with proline at codon 26 of the MLH1 protein (p.Gln26Pro). The glutamine residue is highly conserved and there is a moderate physicochemical difference between glutamine and proline. This variant is not present in population databases (ExAC no frequency) and has not been reported in the literature in individuals with a MLH1-related disease. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change (SIFT: "Deleterious"; PolyPhen-2: "Probably Damaging"; Align-GVGD: "Class C0"). In summary, this variant is a novel missense change with uncertain impact on protein function. It has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

Oct 21, 2019

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.Q26P variant (also known as c.77A>C), located in coding exon 1 of the MLH1 gene, results from an A to C substitution at nucleotide position 77. The glutamine at codon 26 is replaced by proline, an amino acid with similar properties. This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.79
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.46	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.42
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.73	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.65
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.69
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.35	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.92	D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.34	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.3	M
PhyloP100		8.8
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.71	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.5	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.89
Sift	Uncertain	0.0020	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.012	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.87
MutPred		0.67		Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.1586);
MVP		0.99
MPC		0.44
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		6.0
PromoterAI		-0.022	Neutral
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.6
Varity_R		0.97
gMVP		0.88
Mutation Taster		=24/76	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.020		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1553637312; hg19: chr3-37035115;