rs1554709359

Positions:

• chr9-34648359-A-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 5 ACMG points: 5P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP5

The NM_000155.4(GALT):​c.590A>G​(p.Asp197Gly) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000186 in 1,614,034 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000014 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GALT NM_000155.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:2 U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 3.02

Genes affected

GALT (HGNC:4135): (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) catalyzes the second step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism, namely the conversion of UDP-glucose + galactose-1-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate + UDP-galactose. The absence of this enzyme results in classic galactosemia in humans and can be fatal in the newborn period if lactose is not removed from the diet. The pathophysiology of galactosemia has not been clearly defined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

ENSG00000258728 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 5 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a helix (size 16) in uniprot entity GALT_HUMAN there are 7 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000155.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP5: Variant 9-34648359-A-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr9-34648359-A-G is described in ClinVar as [Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity]. Clinvar id is 556007.We mark this variant Likely_pathogenic, oryginal submissions are: {Uncertain_significance=2, Likely_pathogenic=1}.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GALT	NM_000155.4	c.590A>G	p.Asp197Gly	missense_variant	7/11	ENST00000378842.8	NP_000146.2
GALT	NM_001258332.2	c.263A>G	p.Asp88Gly	missense_variant	5/9		NP_001245261.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GALT	ENST00000378842.8	c.590A>G	p.Asp197Gly	missense_variant	7/11	1	NM_000155.4	ENSP00000368119.4
ENSG00000258728	ENST00000556278.1	c.335A>G	p.Asp112Gly	missense_variant	4/8	5		ENSP00000451792.1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152142 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.0000655

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000137 AC: 2 AN: 1461892 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 33 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727248

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 8.99e-7

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152142 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 74324

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.0000655

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2 Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

Deficiency of UDPglucose-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Counsyl	Jan 16, 2018	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	May 02, 2023	In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt GALT protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 556007). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of galactosemia (PMID: 22743281, 28065439). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces aspartic acid, which is acidic and polar, with glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 197 of the GALT protein (p.Asp197Gly). -

GALT-related disorder Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Sep 18, 2024

The GALT c.590A>G variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Asp197Gly. This variant has been reported in the compound heterozygous state in an individual with atypical classic galactosemia as identified by a positive newborn metabolic screen (Welling et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 28065439). This individual was found to have GALT protein activity of 3.6% compared to normal (Welling et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 28065439). This variant was also identified along with a known pathogenic GALT variant (p.Gln188Arg) in an individual with a confirmed diagnosis of galactosemia (P8 in Liu et al. 2012. PubMed ID: 22743281). This variant has not been reported in a large population database, indicating this variant is rare. Given the evidence, we interpret c.590A>G (p.Asp197Gly) as likely pathogenic. -

not specified Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Jun 13, 2024

Variant summary: GALT c.590A>G (p.Asp197Gly) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant was absent in 251486 control chromosomes. The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.590A>G has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with clinical features of Galactosemia (Liu_2012, Welling_2017). These data do not allow any conclusion about variant significance. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 22743281, 28065439). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 556007). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.21
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.35	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.27
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.76	.;D;.
Eigen	Benign	0.048
Eigen_PC	Benign	0.20
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.41	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.71	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.98	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.5	.;L;.
PrimateAI	Benign	0.37	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.5	N;N;N
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.68
Sift	Uncertain	0.0030	D;D;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.15	T;D;T
Polyphen		0.034	.;B;.
Vest4		0.52
MutPred		0.39		.;Loss of solvent accessibility (P = 0.1177);.;
MVP		0.99
MPC		1.1
ClinPred		0.83	D
GERP RS		4.8
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.75
gMVP		0.79

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.020		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1554709359; hg19: chr9-34648356;