rs1555461355

Positions:

• chr16-23635253-A-C
• chr16-23635253-A-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points: 2P and 0B. PM2

The NM_024675.4(PALB2):​c.1293T>G​(p.Ser431Arg) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. S431N) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: PALB2 NM_024675.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:3
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.23

Genes affected

PALB2 (HGNC:26144): (partner and localizer of BRCA2) This gene encodes a protein that may function in tumor suppression. This protein binds to and colocalizes with the breast cancer 2 early onset protein (BRCA2) in nuclear foci and likely permits the stable intranuclear localization and accumulation of BRCA2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
PALB2	NM_024675.4	c.1293T>G	p.Ser431Arg	missense_variant	4/13	ENST00000261584.9

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
PALB2	ENST00000261584.9	c.1293T>G	p.Ser431Arg	missense_variant	4/13	1	NM_024675.4	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:3

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

not specified Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

May 19, 2021

DNA sequence analysis of the PALB2 gene demonstrated a sequence change, c.1293T>G, in exon 4 that results in an amino acid change, p.Ser431Arg. This sequence change is absent from known population databases (gnomAD). The p.Ser431Arg change affects a highly conserved amino acid residue located in a domain of the PALB2 protein that is not known to be functional. In-silico pathogenicity prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen2, Align GVGD, REVEL) provide contradictory results for the p.Ser431Arg substitution. This sequence change does not appear to have been previously described in patients with PALB2-related disorders. Due to the lack of sufficient evidences, the clinical significance of the p.Ser431Arg change remains unknown at this time. -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Oct 03, 2020

In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function are either unavailable or do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change (SIFT: "Deleterious"; PolyPhen-2: "Probably Damaging"; Align-GVGD: "Class C0"). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals with PALB2-related disease. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID:  460887). This variant is not present in population databases (ExAC no frequency). This sequence change replaces serine with arginine at codon 431 of the PALB2 protein (p.Ser431Arg). The serine residue is highly conserved and there is a moderate physicochemical difference between serine and arginine. -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Mar 12, 2021

The p.S431R variant (also known as c.1293T>G), located in coding exon 4 of the PALB2 gene, results from a T to G substitution at nucleotide position 1293. The serine at codon 431 is replaced by arginine, an amino acid with dissimilar properties. This amino acid position is well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, this alteration is predicted to be tolerated by in silico analysis. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.55
BayesDel_addAF	Benign	0.010	T
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.22
CADD	Uncertain	24
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.17	T;T
Eigen	Uncertain	0.60
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.56
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.89	D
LIST_S2	Benign	0.69	T;T
M_CAP	Benign	0.041	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.62	D;D
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.72	T
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.2	.;M
MutationTaster	Benign	0.78	D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.49	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.3	D;D
REVEL	Benign	0.22
Sift	Uncertain	0.0020	D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0070	D;D
Polyphen		1.0	.;D
Vest4		0.54
MutPred		0.47		.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.0267);
MVP		0.69
MPC		0.35
ClinPred		0.98	D
GERP RS		4.4
Varity_R		0.56
gMVP		0.70

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1555461355; hg19: chr16-23646574;