rs1555740805

Positions:

• chr19-13245235-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 17 ACMG points: 17P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001127222.2(CACNA1A):​c.4897G>A​(p.Asp1633Asn) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 33)
• Consequence: CACNA1A NM_001127222.2 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:5
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.87

Genes affected

CACNA1A (HGNC:1388): (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A) Voltage-dependent calcium channels mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells, and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, and gene expression. Calcium channels are multisubunit complexes composed of alpha-1, beta, alpha-2/delta, and gamma subunits. The channel activity is directed by the pore-forming alpha-1 subunit, whereas, the others act as auxiliary subunits regulating this activity. The distinctive properties of the calcium channel types are related primarily to the expression of a variety of alpha-1 isoforms, alpha-1A, B, C, D, E, and S. This gene encodes the alpha-1A subunit, which is predominantly expressed in neuronal tissue. Mutations in this gene are associated with 2 neurologic disorders, familial hemiplegic migraine and episodic ataxia 2. This gene also exhibits polymorphic variation due to (CAG)n-repeats. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. In one set of transcript variants, the (CAG)n-repeats occur in the 3' UTR, and are not associated with any disease. But in another set of variants, an insertion extends the coding region to include the (CAG)n-repeats which encode a polyglutamine tract. Expansion of the (CAG)n-repeats from the normal 4-18 to 21-33 in the coding region is associated with spinocerebellar ataxia 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 17 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a repeat IV (size 263) in uniprot entity CAC1A_HUMAN there are 14 pathogenic changes around while only 1 benign (93%) in NM_001127222.2
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant in gene, where missense usually causes diseases (based on misZ statistic), CACNA1A. . Gene score misZ 5.7845 (greater than the threshold 3.09). Trascript score misZ 3.9354 (greater than threshold 3.09). GenCC has associacion of gene with benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 42, undetermined early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, episodic ataxia type 2, familial or sporadic hemiplegic migraine, spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, migraine, familial hemiplegic, 1.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.984
• PP5: Variant 19-13245235-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr19-13245235-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 449943.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr19-13245235-C-T is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CACNA1A	NM_001127222.2	c.4897G>A	p.Asp1633Asn	missense_variant	31/47	ENST00000360228.11	NP_001120694.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CACNA1A	ENST00000360228.11	c.4897G>A	p.Asp1633Asn	missense_variant	31/47	1	NM_001127222.2	ENSP00000353362

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 33

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 33

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:5

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Episodic ataxia type 2 Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

research

Molecular Medicine for Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris

Jan 04, 2021

- -

Inborn genetic diseases Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Jun 10, 2024

The c.4900G>A (p.D1634N) alteration is located in coding exon 31 of the CACNA1A gene. This alteration results from a G to A substitution at nucleotide position 4900, causing the aspartic acid (D) at amino acid position 1634 to be replaced by an asparagine (N). ; however, it is unlikely to be causative of CACN1A-related spinocerebellar ataxia. This variant was not reported in population-based cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). This variant has been determined to be the result of a de novo mutation or reported as heterozygous in multiple individuals with features consistent with episodic ataxia, type 2 and CACNA1A-related neurologic disorders (Galatolo, 2021; Courage, 2021; Lipman, 2022; DECIPHER). This amino acid position is highly conserved in available vertebrate species. This missense alteration is located in a region that has a low rate of benign missense variation (Lek, 2016; Firth, 2009). The in silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. Based on the available evidence, this alteration is classified as pathogenic. -

not provided Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Feb 24, 2023

In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 31785789, 29165669, 19344873, 33798445, 34445196) -

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6;C1720416:Episodic ataxia type 2;C1832884:Migraine, familial hemiplegic, 1;C4479236:Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 52 Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Wendy Chung Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center

Mar 20, 2022

- -

CACNA1A-related disorder Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Jan 24, 2020

The CACNA1A c.4900G>A (p.Asp1634Asn) variant is a missense variant. It is reported as a de novo variant, though without confirmed parentage, in one individual in the DECIPHER database (Firth et al. 2009, patient 259278). The reported phenotype of this individual is consistent with CACNA1A-related disorders and includes global developmental delay, intellectual disability, sleep disturbance, unsteady gait, falls, behavioral abnormalities, brachycephaly, strabismus, and bilateral single transverse palmar creases. The p.Asp1634Asn variant has also been identified by clinical laboratories in individuals with neurodevelopmental phenotypes consistent with CACNA1A-related disorders and submitted to the ClinVar database (Landrum et al. 2018); however these cases are not reported in the published literature and clinical details are limited. This variant is not found in the Genome Aggregation Database in a region of good sequencing coverage, so the variant is presumed to be rare. The p.Asp1634Asn variant occurs at a conserved residue in the S3 transmembrane segment of domain IV of the voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A protein, though the function of this region is unknown. In silico predictions suggest a damaging consequence, however this has not been evaluated experimentally. Based on the collective evidence and the application of ACMG criteria, the p.Asp1634Asn variant is classified as likely pathogenic for CACNA1A-related disorders. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.25	D
BayesDel_noAF	Uncertain	0.13
CADD	Pathogenic	33
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.36	.;.;T;.;.;.;.;.;D;.;.;T;.;.;.;T;.;.;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.96
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.84
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.97	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;.;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.86	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.5	.;.;.;.;H;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;H;.;.;.;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.90	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-4.9	.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.96
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0040	D;D;.;.;.;D;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.96
MutPred		0.92		.;.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.1141);Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.1141);Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.1141);.;.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.1141);.;.;.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.1141);Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.1141);.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.1141);.;.;Gain of MoRF binding (P = 0.1141);.;
MVP		0.98
MPC		2.4
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.7
Varity_R		0.86
gMVP		1.0

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.030		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1555740805; hg19: chr19-13356049;