rs1555913689

Positions:

• chr22-28695741-A-C
• chr22-28695741-A-G
• chr22-28695741-A-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 4 ACMG points: 4P and 0B. PM1 PM2

The ENST00000404276.6(CHEK2):​c.1228T>G​(p.Cys410Gly) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000000684 in 1,461,566 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. C410R) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 6.8e-7 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: CHEK2 ENST00000404276.6 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts U:5
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 5.85

Genes affected

CHEK2 (HGNC:16627): (checkpoint kinase 2) In response to DNA damage and replication blocks, cell cycle progression is halted through the control of critical cell cycle regulators. The protein encoded by this gene is a cell cycle checkpoint regulator and putative tumor suppressor. It contains a forkhead-associated protein interaction domain essential for activation in response to DNA damage and is rapidly phosphorylated in response to replication blocks and DNA damage. When activated, the encoded protein is known to inhibit CDC25C phosphatase, preventing entry into mitosis, and has been shown to stabilize the tumor suppressor protein p53, leading to cell cycle arrest in G1. In addition, this protein interacts with and phosphorylates BRCA1, allowing BRCA1 to restore survival after DNA damage. Mutations in this gene have been linked with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in TP53. Also, mutations in this gene are thought to confer a predisposition to sarcomas, breast cancer, and brain tumors. This nuclear protein is a member of the CDS1 subfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 4 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 2 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 1 benign, 17 uncertain in ENST00000404276.6
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
CHEK2	NM_007194.4	c.1228T>G	p.Cys410Gly	missense_variant	11/15	ENST00000404276.6	NP_009125.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
CHEK2	ENST00000404276.6	c.1228T>G	p.Cys410Gly	missense_variant	11/15	1	NM_007194.4	ENSP00000385747	P2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 6.84e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1461566 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 727114

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 8.99e-7

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Uncertain:5

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Feb 26, 2019	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Oct 06, 2022	The p.C410G variant (also known as c.1228T>G), located in coding exon 10 of the CHEK2 gene, results from a T to G substitution at nucleotide position 1228. The cysteine at codon 410 is replaced by glycine, an amino acid with highly dissimilar properties. This variant was reported in at least one individual from a cohort of 192 clinically suspicious of HBOC Spanish families without BRCA1/2 mutations (Bonache S et al. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol . 2018 Dec;144(12):2495-2513). This amino acid position is well conserved in available vertebrate species. In addition, the in silico prediction for this alteration is inconclusive. Since supporting evidence is limited at this time, the clinical significance of this alteration remains unclear. -

Familial cancer of breast Uncertain:2

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Dec 24, 2023	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jan 31, 2024	This sequence change replaces cysteine, which is neutral and slightly polar, with glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 410 of the CHEK2 protein (p.Cys410Gly). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This variant has not been reported in the literature in individuals affected with CHEK2-related conditions. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 460793). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

not provided Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

GeneDx

Mar 20, 2024

Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Published functional studies suggest a neutral effect: demonstrates auto-phosphorylation and kinase activity comparable to wild type (PMID: 37449874); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 19782031, 22419737, 30306255, 37449874) -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.58
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.10	D
BayesDel_noAF	Benign	-0.090
CADD	Pathogenic	28
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Benign	0.30	T;.;T;.;T;.;T;.;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.65
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.67
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.90	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.93	.;D;.;T;.;T;T;T;.
M_CAP	Benign	0.053	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.74	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Benign	-0.65	T
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.0	L;.;L;.;L;.;L;.;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D;D
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.67	T
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-5.8	D;D;D;.;D;D;.;D;D
REVEL	Uncertain	0.37
Sift	Uncertain	0.0030	D;D;D;.;D;D;.;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.013	D;D;D;.;D;D;.;D;D
Polyphen		0.94	P;D;P;.;P;P;P;D;D
Vest4		0.79
MutPred		0.59		Loss of stability (P = 0.0516);.;Loss of stability (P = 0.0516);.;Loss of stability (P = 0.0516);.;Loss of stability (P = 0.0516);.;.;
MVP		0.86
MPC		0.17
ClinPred		0.99	D
GERP RS		5.7
Varity_R		0.97
gMVP		0.73

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1555913689; hg19: chr22-29091729;