rs1555984461

Positions:

• chr21-37490461-GGTAA-G

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 15 ACMG points: 15P and 0B. PVS1_Strong PM2 PP3 PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_001347721.2(DYRK1A):​c.924+4_924+7del variant causes a splice donor, splice donor region, intron change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. 1/1 splice prediction tools predicting alterations to normal splicing. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 30)
• Consequence: DYRK1A NM_001347721.2 splice_donor, splice_donor_region, intron
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:8
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.95

Genes affected

DYRK1A (HGNC:3091): (dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A) This gene encodes a member of the Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. This member contains a nuclear targeting signal sequence, a protein kinase domain, a leucine zipper motif, and a highly conservative 13-consecutive-histidine repeat. It catalyzes its autophosphorylation on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues. It may play a significant role in a signaling pathway regulating cell proliferation and may be involved in brain development. This gene is a homolog of Drosophila mnb (minibrain) gene and rat Dyrk gene. It is localized in the Down syndrome critical region of chromosome 21, and is considered to be a strong candidate gene for learning defects associated with Down syndrome. Alternative splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants differing from each other either in the 5' UTR or in the 3' coding region. These variants encode at least five different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 15 ACMG points.

• PVS1: Splicing +-2 bp (donor or acceptor) variant, product NOT destroyed by NMD, known LOF gene, truncates exone, which is 0.12626931 fraction of the gene. Cryptic splice site detected, with MaxEntScore 3.1, offset of 0 (no position change), new splice context is: aggGTatta. Cryptic site results in inframe change. If cryptic site found is not functional and variant results in exon loss, it results in frameshift change.
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect 2: max_spliceai, phyloP100way_vertebrate [when was below the threshold]
• PP5: Variant 21-37490461-GGTAA-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr21-37490461-GGTAA-G is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 435011.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
DYRK1A	NM_001347721.2	c.924+4_924+7del		splice_donor_variant, splice_donor_region_variant, intron_variant		ENST00000647188.2	NP_001334650.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
DYRK1A	ENST00000647188.2	c.924+4_924+7del		splice_donor_variant, splice_donor_region_variant, intron_variant			NM_001347721.2	ENSP00000494572	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 30

We have no GnomAD4 exomes data on this position. Probably position not covered by the project.

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 30

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:8

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

DYRK1A-related intellectual disability syndrome Pathogenic:5

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago	Feb 16, 2017	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Equipe Genetique des Anomalies du Developpement, Université de Bourgogne	Jan 01, 2016	- -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Centre for Mendelian Genomics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana	Jan 01, 2016	This variant was classified as: Likely pathogenic. The following ACMG criteria were applied in classifying this variant: PVS1,PM2. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	3billion	Feb 23, 2023	The variant is not observed in the gnomAD v2.1.1 dataset. This variant was predicted to alter splicing and result in a loss or disruption of normal protein function. Multiple pathogenic loss-of-function variants are reported downstream of the variant. The variant has been previously reported as de novo in a similarly affected individual (PMID: 26922654). The variant has been reported at least twice as pathogenic with clinical assertions and evidence for the classification (ClinVar ID: VCV000435011 / PMID: 26922654 / 3billion dataset). Therefore, this variant is classified as Pathogenic according to the recommendation of ACMG/AMP guideline. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Jan 24, 2020	For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. Nucleotide substitutions within the consensus splice site are relatively common causes of aberrant splicing (PMID: 17576681, 9536098). RT-PCR and sequencing of the mRNA derived from the individual with this variant showed exon 7 skipping (PMID: 26922654). Exon 7 is referred to as exon 6 in the literature. This variant has been shown to arise de novo in an individual affected with syndromic intellectual disability, with features consistent with a DYRK1A-related disorder (PMID: 26922654, 27241786, Invitae). This variant is not present in population databases (ExAC no frequency). This sequence change falls in intron 6 of the DYRK1A gene. It does not directly change the encoded amino acid sequence of the DYRK1A protein, but it affects a nucleotide within the consensus splice site of the intron. -

not provided Pathogenic:2

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	Aug 01, 2021	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Jan 05, 2023	Functional studies demonstrate abnormal gene splicing with skipping of exon 6 (Luco et al., 2016); In silico analysis supports a deleterious effect on splicing; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 26922654, 27241786, 34345024, 33562844, 33004838, 35709690) -

Complex neurodevelopmental disorder Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

provider interpretation

GenomeConnect - Simons Searchlight

Dec 04, 2018

Submission from Simons Searchlight facilitated by GenomeConnect. Variant interpreted by the Simons Searchlight team most recently on 2018-12-04 and interpreted as Likely Pathogenic. The reporting laboratory might also submit to ClinVar. This variant was identified in multiple probands enrolled in Simons Searchlight. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.98		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2
DS_DL_spliceai		0.98		Position offset: 0

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1555984461; hg19: chr21-38862763;