rs1556049714

Variant names:

• chrX-25007424-G-A
• rs1556049714
• NM_139058.3:c.1135C>T

Your query was ambiguous. Multiple possible variants found:

• chrX-25007424-G-A
• chrX-25007424-G-C
• chrX-25007424-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points: 12P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3_Strong PP5_Moderate

The NM_139058.3(ARX):​c.1135C>T​(p.Arg379Cys) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 12/21 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R379S) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 23)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0 (0 hom. 0 hem.)
  • Failed GnomAD Quality Control
• Consequence: ARX NM_139058.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Likely pathogenic criteria provided, single submitter P:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.59
• Publications: 0 publications found

Genes affected

ARX (HGNC:18060): (aristaless related homeobox) This gene is a homeobox-containing gene expressed during development. The expressed protein contains two conserved domains, a C-peptide (or aristaless domain) and the prd-like class homeobox domain. It is a member of the group-II aristaless-related protein family whose members are expressed primarily in the central and/or peripheral nervous system. This gene is thought to be involved in CNS development. Expansion of a polyalanine tract and other mutations in this gene cause X-linked cognitive disability and epilepsy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2016]

ARX Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• genetic developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

  Inheritance: XL, AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: ClinGen, Orphanet
• intellectual disability, X-linked, with or without seizures, ARX-related

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE, MODERATE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, G2P
• Partington syndrome

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, Orphanet
• X-linked complex neurodevelopmental disorder

  Inheritance: XL Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia

  Inheritance: XL Classification: STRONG, MODERATE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Ambry Genetics, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Orphanet, Genomics England PanelApp
• infantile spasms

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• corpus callosum agenesis-abnormal genitalia syndrome

  Inheritance: XL Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• infantile epileptic-dyskinetic encephalopathy

  Inheritance: XL Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• non-syndromic X-linked intellectual disability

  Inheritance: XL Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• X-linked spasticity-intellectual disability-epilepsy syndrome

  Inheritance: XL Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 7 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 4 uncertain in NM_139058.3
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chrX-25007424-G-T is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 1516380.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.994
• PP5: Variant X-25007424-G-A is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chrX-25007424-G-A is described in ClinVar as Likely_pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 958198.Status of the report is criteria_provided_single_submitter, 1 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
ARX	NM_139058.3	c.1135C>T	p.Arg379Cys	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 5	ENST00000379044.5	NP_620689.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
ARX	ENST00000379044.5	c.1135C>T	p.Arg379Cys	missense_variant	Exon 4 of 5	1	NM_139058.3	ENSP00000368332.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 23

GnomAD4 exome Data not reliable, filtered out with message: AC0 AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 1049589 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 340775

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 24321

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 29432

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 18616

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 27552

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 49933

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 28509

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3638

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 823054

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44534

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 23

ClinVar

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

Intellectual disability, X-linked, with or without seizures, ARX-related;C3463992:Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 1 Pathogenic:1

Aug 17, 2023

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

In summary, the currently available evidence indicates that the variant is pathogenic, but additional data are needed to prove that conclusively. Therefore, this variant has been classified as Likely Pathogenic. This variant disrupts the p.Arg379 amino acid residue in ARX. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 20148114, 29152528). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt ARX protein function. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 958198). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with ARX-related conditions (PMID: 32613771; Invitae). This variant is not present in population databases (gnomAD no frequency). This sequence change replaces arginine, which is basic and polar, with cysteine, which is neutral and slightly polar, at codon 379 of the ARX protein (p.Arg379Cys). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.72	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.79
CADD	Pathogenic	33
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.96	D
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.94	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.91	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.99	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	4.3	H
PhyloP100		6.6
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.95	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-7.2	D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.98
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.91
MutPred		0.95		Loss of disorder (P = 0.0266);
MVP		1.0
MPC		2.6
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.4
PromoterAI		0.0052	Neutral
Varity_R		0.94
gMVP		0.99
Mutation Taster		=5/95	disease causing

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1556049714; hg19: chrX-25025541;