rs1556886034

chrX-53382594-C-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 17 ACMG points: 17P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP2 PP3_Moderate PP5_Very_Strong

The NM_006306.4(SMC1A):c.3197G>A(p.Arg1066His) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. 12/20 in silico tools predict a damaging outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. R1066C) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 22)
• Consequence: SMC1A NM_006306.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 7.80

Genes affected

SMC1A (HGNC:11111): (structural maintenance of chromosomes 1A) Proper cohesion of sister chromatids is a prerequisite for the correct segregation of chromosomes during cell division. The cohesin multiprotein complex is required for sister chromatid cohesion. This complex is composed partly of two structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins, SMC3 and either SMC1B or the protein encoded by this gene. Most of the cohesin complexes dissociate from the chromosomes before mitosis, although those complexes at the kinetochore remain. Therefore, the encoded protein is thought to be an important part of functional kinetochores. In addition, this protein interacts with BRCA1 and is phosphorylated by ATM, indicating a potential role for this protein in DNA repair. This gene, which belongs to the SMC gene family, is located in an area of the X-chromosome that escapes X inactivation. Mutations in this gene result in Cornelia de Lange syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 17 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a coiled_coil_region (size 77) in uniprot entity SMC1A_HUMAN there are 8 pathogenic changes around while only 2 benign (80%) in NM_006306.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chrX-53382595-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 208703.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• PP2: Missense variant where missense usually causes diseases, SMC1A
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.849
• PP5: Variant X-53382594-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chrX-53382594-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 521979.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
SMC1A	NM_006306.4	c.3197G>A	p.Arg1066His	missense_variant	21/25	ENST00000322213.9
SMC1A	NM_001281463.1	c.3131G>A	p.Arg1044His	missense_variant	22/26

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
SMC1A	ENST00000322213.9	c.3197G>A	p.Arg1066His	missense_variant	21/25	1	NM_006306.4	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 22

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 31

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 22

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Inborn genetic diseases Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

Aug 16, 2017

- -

Congenital muscular hypertrophy-cerebral syndrome Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Invitae

Nov 22, 2017

This sequence change replaces arginine with histidine at codon 1066 of the SMC1A protein (p.Arg1066His). The arginine residue is highly conserved and there is a small physicochemical difference between arginine and histidine. This variant is not present in population databases (ExAC no frequency). This variant has been found to be de novo in an individual with clinical features consistent with SMC1A-related disorders (Invitae). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change (SIFT: "Deleterious"; PolyPhen-2: "Probably Damaging"; Align-GVGD: "Class C0"). A different missense substitution at this codon (p.Arg1066Cys) has been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 25356970). This suggests that the arginine residue is critical for SMC1A protein function and that other missense substitutions at this position may also be pathogenic. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.99
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.42	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.37
Cadd	Pathogenic	29
Dann	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.65	D;D
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.98	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.93	D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.60	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.85	D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.64	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.2	M;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.82	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-4.8	D;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.86
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;.
Sift4G	Pathogenic	0.0	D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.
Vest4		0.74
MutPred		0.63		Loss of MoRF binding (P = 0.0419);.;
MVP		0.95
MPC		3.1
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.4
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.91
gMVP		0.96

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs1556886034; hg19: chrX-53409515; COSMIC: COSV105895100;