rs199472900

Variant names:

• chr7-150952689-G-T
• rs199472900
• NM_000238.4:c.1293C>A

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points: 18P and 0B. PS1_Very_Strong PM1 PM2 PP2 PP3_Strong PP5

The NM_000238.4(KCNH2):​c.1293C>A​(p.Phe431Leu) variant causes a missense change. The variant was absent in control chromosomes in GnomAD project. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Another nucleotide change resulting in the same amino acid substitution has been previously reported as Likely pathogenic in ClinVar.

• Frequency: Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
• Consequence: KCNH2 NM_000238.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:2 U:1 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 5.71
• Publications: 2 publications found

Genes affected

KCNH2 (HGNC:6251): (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2) This gene encodes a component of a voltage-activated potassium channel found in cardiac muscle, nerve cells, and microglia. Four copies of this protein interact with one copy of the KCNE2 protein to form a functional potassium channel. Mutations in this gene can cause long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). Transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2022]

KCNH2 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• long QT syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE Submitted by: ClinGen
• long QT syndrome 2

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics, G2P
• short QT syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet, ClinGen
• short QT syndrome type 1

  Inheritance: AD Classification: DEFINITIVE, STRONG, MODERATE Submitted by: Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), G2P, Ambry Genetics
• Brugada syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: MODERATE, NO_KNOWN Submitted by: ClinGen, Genomics England PanelApp

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 18 ACMG points.

• PS1: Transcript NM_000238.4 (KCNH2) is affected with MISSENSE_VARIANT having same AA change as one Pathogenic present in ClinVar.
• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 5 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 6 uncertain in NM_000238.4
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP2: Missense variant in the gene, where a lot of missense mutations are associated with disease in ClinVar. The gene has 158 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 38 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 3.3724 (above the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 2.4846 (below the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to long QT syndrome 2, Brugada syndrome, short QT syndrome type 1, short QT syndrome, long QT syndrome.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.976
• PP5: Variant 7-150952689-G-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr7-150952689-G-T is described in ClinVar as Conflicting_classifications_of_pathogenicity. ClinVar VariationId is 67183.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
KCNH2	NM_000238.4	c.1293C>A	p.Phe431Leu	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 15	ENST00000262186.10	NP_000229.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
KCNH2	ENST00000262186.10	c.1293C>A	p.Phe431Leu	missense_variant	Exon 6 of 15	1	NM_000238.4	ENSP00000262186.5

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 34

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2 Uncertain:1 Other:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

Submissions by phenotype

not provided Pathogenic:1

May 10, 2018

GeneDx

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The F431L variant that is likely pathogenic was identified in the KCNH2 gene. The F431L variant has been reported in at least one individual referred for LQTS testing (Kapplinger et al., 2009). Furthermore, this variant has been shown to segregate with disease in many affected relatives from a large family referred for LQTS testing at GeneDx. Additionally, the F431L variant is not observed in large population cohorts (Lek et al., 2016). Although, the F431L variant is a conservative amino acid substitution, in silico analysis, which includes protein predictors and evolutionary conservation, supports a deleterious effect. -

Cardiovascular phenotype Pathogenic:1

Oct 28, 2021

Ambry Genetics

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

The p.F431L pathogenic mutation (also known as c.1293C>A), located in coding exon 6 of the KCNH2 gene, results from a C to A substitution at nucleotide position 1293. The phenylalanine at codon 431 is replaced by leucine, an amino acid with highly similar properties, and is located in the S1/S2 transmembrane-spanning region of the protein. This alteration has been reported in a long QT syndrome genetic testing cohort, as well as in an individual with a clinical diagnosis of long QT syndrome, segregating in multiple affected family members (Kapplinger JD et al. Heart Rhythm, 2009 Sep;6:1297-303; GeneDx pers. comm.). In addition, a different alteration located at the same position, resulting in the same protein change, c.1291T>C (p.F431L), has been reported in an individual with a clinical diagnosis of long QT syndrome (Ambry internal data). This variant is considered to be rare based on population cohorts in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). In addition, this alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Based on the supporting evidence, this alteration is interpreted as a disease-causing mutation. -

Long QT syndrome Uncertain:1

May 30, 2021

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces phenylalanine with leucine at codon 431 of the KCNH2 protein (p.Phe431Leu). The phenylalanine residue is highly conserved and there is a small physicochemical difference between phenylalanine and leucine. This variant is not present in population databases (ExAC no frequency). This variant has been observed in individual(s) with clinical features of long QT syndrome (PMID: 19716085). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 67183). Algorithms developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function are either unavailable or do not agree on the potential impact of this missense change (SIFT: "Deleterious"; PolyPhen-2: "Probably Damaging"; Align-GVGD: "Class C15"). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

Congenital long QT syndrome Other:1

-

Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

Significance: not provided

Review Status: no classification provided

Collection Method: literature only

This variant has been reported as associated with Long QT syndrome in the following publications (PMID:19716085). This is a literature report, and does not necessarily reflect the clinical interpretation of the Imperial College / Royal Brompton Cardiovascular Genetics laboratory. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	1.0
CardioboostArm	Pathogenic	1.0
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.48	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.45
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.98	.;D;D
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.75
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.67
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.96	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.74	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.0	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.4	.;M;.
PhyloP100		5.7
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.89	D
PROVEAN	Pathogenic	-5.7	D;D;.
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.93
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D;D;.
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.033	D;D;D
Polyphen		0.91	P;P;.
Vest4		0.97
MutPred		0.85		.;Gain of sheet (P = 0.0101);.;
MVP		1.0
MPC		2.3
ClinPred		1.0	D
GERP RS		4.6
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.95
gMVP		0.97
Mutation Taster		=1/99	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs199472900; hg19: chr7-150649777;