rs28934581

Variant names:

• chr11-2166995-T-G
• rs28934581
• NM_000360.4:c.733A>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 6 ACMG points: 6P and 0B. PM2 PP3_Strong

The NM_000360.4(TH):​c.733A>C​(p.Thr245Pro) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000765 in 1,437,338 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 34)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000077 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: TH NM_000360.4 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:1 U:2
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 4.67

Genes affected

TH (HGNC:11782): (tyrosine hydroxylase) The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the conversion of tyrosine to dopamine. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines, hence plays a key role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive Segawa syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 6 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.978

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TH	NM_000360.4	c.733A>C	p.Thr245Pro	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 13	ENST00000352909.8	NP_000351.2
TH	NM_199292.3	c.826A>C	p.Thr276Pro	missense_variant	Exon 8 of 14		NP_954986.2
TH	NM_199293.3	c.814A>C	p.Thr272Pro	missense_variant	Exon 8 of 14		NP_954987.2
TH	XM_011520335.3	c.745A>C	p.Thr249Pro	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 13		XP_011518637.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TH	ENST00000352909.8	c.733A>C	p.Thr245Pro	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 13	1	NM_000360.4	ENSP00000325951.4

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 34

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.0000146 AC: 3 AN: 205448 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.0000180 AC XY: 2 AN XY: 111098

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000338

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000765 AC: 11 AN: 1437338 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 63 AF XY: 0.00000561 AC XY: 4 AN XY: 712754

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.0000100

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 34

Alfa AF: 0.0000896 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.00000378

ExAC AF: 0.00000835 AC: 1

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:2

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Submissions by phenotype

Autosomal recessive DOPA responsive dystonia Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1

Jan 01, 2000

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Aug 09, 2022

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces threonine, which is neutral and polar, with proline, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 276 of the TH protein (p.Thr276Pro). This variant is present in population databases (rs28934581, gnomAD 0.003%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with infantile parkinsonism (PMID: 11246459). This variant is also known as p.Thr276Pro. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 12329). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt TH protein function. Experimental studies are conflicting or provide insufficient evidence to determine the effect of this variant on TH function (PMID: 22583432, 24753243). In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. -

not specified Uncertain:1

Nov 27, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: TH c.826A>C (p.Thr276Pro) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Three of three in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 1.5e-05 in 205448 control chromosomes (gnomAD). The available data on variant occurrences in the general population are insufficient to allow any conclusion about variant significance. c.826A>C has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with features of Segawa Syndrome, Autosomal Recessive (Swaans_2000). These data do not allow any conclusion about variant significance. Publications reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function (Fossbakk_2014, Jung-Klawitter_2024), however, do not allow convincing conclusions about the variant effect. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 11246459, 24753243, 38084654). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 12329). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.20
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.40	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.44
CADD	Uncertain	25
DANN	Uncertain	0.99
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.96	D;.;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.29
Eigen_PC	Benign	0.16
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.97	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.97	D;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.97	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	2.9	M;.;.
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.59	T
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-3.3	D;D;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.91
Sift	Uncertain	0.0030	D;D;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.016	D;D;D
Polyphen		0.90	P;P;P
Vest4		0.60
MutPred		0.84		Loss of stability (P = 0.0338);.;.;
MVP		0.98
MPC		0.33
ClinPred		0.90	D
GERP RS		3.2
Varity_R		0.96
gMVP		0.84

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.010		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs28934581; hg19: chr11-2188225;