rs28936379

Positions:

• chr1-226888977-A-C
• chr1-226888977-A-G
• chr1-226888977-A-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 7 ACMG points: 7P and 0B. PM1 PM2 PM5 PP3

The NM_000447.3(PSEN2):​c.715A>C​(p.Met239Leu) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000657 in 152,142 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. No clinical diagnostic laboratories have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar. Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. M239I) has been classified as Pathogenic.

• Frequency: Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 (0 hom., cov: 32)
• Consequence: PSEN2 NM_000447.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Not reported in ClinVar
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 9.25

Genes affected

PSEN2 (HGNC:9509): (presenilin 2) Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with an inherited form of the disease carry mutations in the presenilin proteins (PSEN1 or PSEN2) or the amyloid precursor protein (APP). These disease-linked mutations result in increased production of the longer form of amyloid-beta (main component of amyloid deposits found in AD brains). Presenilins are postulated to regulate APP processing through their effects on gamma-secretase, an enzyme that cleaves APP. Also, it is thought that the presenilins are involved in the cleavage of the Notch receptor such that, they either directly regulate gamma-secretase activity, or themselves act are protease enzymes. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of PSEN2 have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ENSG00000288674 (HGNC:):

ACMG classification

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 7 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a transmembrane_region Helical (size 20) in uniprot entity PSN2_HUMAN there are 6 pathogenic changes around while only 0 benign (100%) in NM_000447.3
• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PM5: Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chr1-226888979-G-A is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 8850.Status of the report is no_assertion_criteria_provided, 0 stars.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.83

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	Protein	UniProt
PSEN2	NM_000447.3	c.715A>C	p.Met239Leu	missense_variant	8/13	ENST00000366783.8	NP_000438.2

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
PSEN2	ENST00000366783.8	c.715A>C	p.Met239Leu	missense_variant	8/13	5	NM_000447.3	ENSP00000355747.3
ENSG00000288674	ENST00000366779.6	n.715A>C		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	8/32	2		ENSP00000355741.2

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152142 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000241

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152142 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.0000135 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 74320

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.0000241

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Bravo AF: 0.00000756

ClinVar

Not reported in ClinVar

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Uncertain	0.43
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.52	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.51
CADD	Pathogenic	26
DANN	Uncertain	0.98
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.94	D;.;.;.;.;.
Eigen	Uncertain	0.39
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.45
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.98	D;D;D;.;D;D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.39	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.83	D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.0	M;M;.;.;.;.
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.87	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-2.8	D;D;N;D;.;D
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.86
Sift	Benign	0.053	T;T;T;T;.;T
Sift4G	Benign	0.093	T;T;T;T;T;T
Polyphen		0.66	P;.;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.91
MutPred		0.62		Loss of catalytic residue at M239 (P = 0.0199);Loss of catalytic residue at M239 (P = 0.0199);.;.;.;.;
MVP		0.96
MPC		0.81
ClinPred		0.97	D
GERP RS		4.9
Varity_R		0.47
gMVP		0.84

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs28936379; hg19: chr1-227076678;