rs28936416

Variant names:

• chr3-57199842-A-G
• rs28936416
• NM_003865.3:c.77T>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points: 7P and 0B. PM2 PP3_Strong PP5

The NM_003865.3(HESX1):​c.77T>C​(p.Ile26Thr) variant causes a missense change. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000000684 in 1,461,856 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (no stars).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 6.8e-7 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: HESX1 NM_003865.3 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic no assertion criteria provided P:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 6.71
• Publications: 14 publications found

Genes affected

HESX1 (HGNC:4877): (HESX homeobox 1) This gene encodes a conserved homeobox protein that is a transcriptional repressor in the developing forebrain and pituitary gland. Mutations in this gene are associated with septooptic dysplasia, HESX1-related growth hormone deficiency, and combined pituitary hormone deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

HESX1 Gene-Disease associations (from GenCC):

• septooptic dysplasia

  Inheritance: AD, AR Classification: STRONG, SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: G2P, Orphanet, Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Ambry Genetics
• combined pituitary hormone deficiencies, genetic form

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• hypothyroidism due to deficient transcription factors involved in pituitary development or function

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• Kallmann syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet
• pituitary stalk interruption syndrome

  Inheritance: AD Classification: SUPPORTIVE Submitted by: Orphanet

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Likely_pathogenic. The variant received 7 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.96
• PP5: Variant 3-57199842-A-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr3-57199842-A-G is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 7695.Status of the report is no_assertion_criteria_provided, 0 stars.

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_003865.3. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	HESX1	NM_003865.3	MANE Select	c.77T>C	p.Ile26Thr	missense	Exon 1 of 4	NP_003856.1	Q9UBX0
	HESX1	NM_001376058.1		c.77T>C	p.Ile26Thr	missense	Exon 4 of 7	NP_001362987.1	Q9UBX0
	HESX1	NM_001376059.1		c.77T>C	p.Ile26Thr	missense	Exon 3 of 6	NP_001362988.1	Q9UBX0

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	HESX1	ENST00000295934.8	TSL:1 MANE Select	c.77T>C	p.Ile26Thr	missense	Exon 1 of 4	ENSP00000295934.3	Q9UBX0
	HESX1	ENST00000918124.1		c.77T>C	p.Ile26Thr	missense	Exon 1 of 4	ENSP00000588183.1
	HESX1	ENST00000647958.1		c.77T>C	p.Ile26Thr	missense	Exon 4 of 7	ENSP00000498190.1	Q9UBX0

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD4 exome AF: 6.84e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1461856 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 727234

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33478

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44722

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26136

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 39700

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 86256

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53418

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5766

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 8.99e-7 AC: 1 AN: 1111988

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 60392

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

Alfa AF: 0.00 Hom.: 0

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions as Germline

Significance: Pathogenic

Revision: no assertion criteria provided

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
1	-	-	PITUITARY HORMONE DEFICIENCY, COMBINED, 5 (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.97
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.53	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.52
CADD	Pathogenic	26
DANN	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.43	T
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.80
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.76
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.96	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.92	D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.28	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.96	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.1	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.9	M
PhyloP100		6.7
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.71	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-1.8	N
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.93
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0030	D
Polyphen		1.0	D
Vest4		0.93
MutPred		0.88		Loss of stability (P = 0.0105)
MVP		0.99
MPC		0.36
ClinPred		0.95	D
GERP RS		5.7
PromoterAI		-0.00050	Neutral
Varity_R		0.43
gMVP		0.80
Mutation Taster		=6/94	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs28936416; hg19: chr3-57233870;