rs28937594

Variant names:

• chr9-36217399-A-G
• rs28937594
• NM_001128227.3:c.2228T>C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points: 13P and 1B. PM1 PP2 PP3_Moderate PP5_Very_Strong BS1_Supporting

The NM_005476.7(GNE):​c.2135T>C​(p.Met712Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000217 in 1,613,382 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 1 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.0000066 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.000023 (1 hom.)
• Consequence: GNE NM_005476.7 missense
• Clinical Significance: Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:24 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 8.89
• Publications: 100 publications found

Genes affected

GNE (HGNC:23657): (glucosamine (UDP-N-acetyl)-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase) The protein encoded by this gene is a bifunctional enzyme that initiates and regulates the biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), a precursor of sialic acids. It is a rate-limiting enzyme in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway. Sialic acid modification of cell surface molecules is crucial for their function in many biologic processes, including cell adhesion and signal transduction. Differential sialylation of cell surface molecules is also implicated in the tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of malignant cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with sialuria, autosomal recessive inclusion body myopathy, and Nonaka myopathy. Alternative splicing of this gene results in transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CLTA (HGNC:2090): (clathrin light chain A) Clathrin is a large, soluble protein composed of heavy and light chains. It functions as the main structural component of the lattice-type cytoplasmic face of coated pits and vesicles which entrap specific macromolecules during receptor-mediated endocytosis. This gene encodes one of two clathrin light chain proteins which are believed to function as regulatory elements. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 8 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

ACMG classification

Our verdict: Pathogenic. The variant received 12 ACMG points.

• PM1: In a hotspot region, there are 3 aminoacids with missense pathogenic changes in the window of +-8 aminoacids around while only 0 benign, 5 uncertain in NM_005476.7
• PP2: Missense variant in the GNE gene, where missense mutations are typically associated with disease (based on misZ statistic). The gene has 44 curated pathogenic missense variants (we use a threshold of 10). The gene has 1 curated benign missense variants. Gene score misZ: 2.5904 (below the threshold of 3.09). Trascript score misZ: 3.9915 (above the threshold of 3.09). GenCC associations: The gene is linked to sialuria, GNE myopathy, congenital myopathy, platelet-type bleeding disorder 19, macrothrombocytopenia, isolated.
• PP3: MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.924
• PP5: Variant 9-36217399-A-G is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr9-36217399-A-G is described in ClinVar as Pathogenic. ClinVar VariationId is 6025.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars.
• BS1: Variant frequency is greater than expected in population mid. GnomAdExome4 allele frequency = 0.0000233 (34/1461192) while in subpopulation MID AF = 0.00277 (16/5768). AF 95% confidence interval is 0.00174. There are 1 homozygotes in GnomAdExome4. There are 20 alleles in the male GnomAdExome4 subpopulation. Median coverage is 31. This position passed quality control check. Existence of Clinvar submissions makes me limit the strength of this signal to Supporting

Variant Effect in Transcripts

ACMG analysis was done for transcript: NM_005476.7. You can select a different transcript below to see updated ACMG assignments.

RefSeq Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GNE	NM_001128227.3	MANE Plus Clinical	c.2228T>C	p.Met743Thr	missense	Exon 12 of 12	NP_001121699.1	Q9Y223-2
	GNE	NM_005476.7	MANE Select	c.2135T>C	p.Met712Thr	missense	Exon 12 of 12	NP_005467.1	Q9Y223-1
	GNE	NM_001374797.1		c.1982T>C	p.Met661Thr	missense	Exon 11 of 11	NP_001361726.1

Ensembl Transcripts

Sel.	Gene	Transcript	Tags	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon Rank	Protein	UniProt
	GNE	ENST00000396594.8	TSL:1 MANE Plus Clinical	c.2228T>C	p.Met743Thr	missense	Exon 12 of 12	ENSP00000379839.3	Q9Y223-2
	GNE	ENST00000642385.2	MANE Select	c.2135T>C	p.Met712Thr	missense	Exon 12 of 12	ENSP00000494141.2	Q9Y223-1
	GNE	ENST00000543356.7	TSL:1	c.1958T>C	p.Met653Thr	missense	Exon 11 of 11	ENSP00000437765.3	A0A7I2SU25

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152190 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000147

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD2 exomes AF: 0.0000398 AC: 10 AN: 251286 AF XY: 0.0000442

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000264

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.000979

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.0000233 AC: 34 AN: 1461192 Hom.: 1 Cov.: 31 AF XY: 0.0000275 AC XY: 20 AN XY: 726944

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 33476

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 44716

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 26130

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.0000504 AC: 2 AN: 39688

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.0000348 AC: 3 AN: 86246

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 53418

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00277 AC: 16 AN: 5768

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.00000990 AC: 11 AN: 1111366

Other (OTH) AF: 0.0000331 AC: 2 AN: 60384

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.00000657 AC: 1 AN: 152190 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 74356

African (AFR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 41442

American (AMR) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 15284

Ashkenazi Jewish (ASJ) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 3472

East Asian (EAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 5198

South Asian (SAS) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 4824

European-Finnish (FIN) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 10620

Middle Eastern (MID) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 316

European-Non Finnish (NFE) AF: 0.0000147 AC: 1 AN: 68034

Other (OTH) AF: 0.00 AC: 0 AN: 2088

Alfa AF: 0.0000397 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000151

ExAC AF: 0.0000330 AC: 4

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

ClinVar submissions

Significance: Pathogenic

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

Pathogenic	VUS	Benign	Condition
13	-	-	GNE myopathy (14)
4	-	-	not provided (4)
2	-	-	Sialuria (2)
2	-	-	Sialuria;C1853926:GNE myopathy (2)
2	-	-	Sialuria;C1853926:GNE myopathy;C5935593:Thrombocytopenia 12 with or without myopathy (2)
1	-	-	GNE-related disorder (1)

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.9

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.71
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.45	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.54
CADD	Uncertain	24
DANN	Uncertain	0.98
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.79	D
Eigen	Uncertain	0.21
Eigen_PC	Uncertain	0.39
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Uncertain	0.93	D
M_CAP	Pathogenic	0.59	D
MetaRNN	Pathogenic	0.92	D
MetaSVM	Pathogenic	1.2	D
MutationAssessor	Uncertain	2.4	M
PhyloP100		8.9
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.67	T
PROVEAN	Benign	-0.92	N
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.76
Sift	Uncertain	0.0010	D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.018	D
Polyphen		0.011	B
Vest4		0.60
MutPred		0.87		Gain of catalytic residue at M712 (P = 0.0067)
MVP		0.99
MPC		0.69
ClinPred		0.20	T
GERP RS		5.7
Varity_R		0.69
gMVP		0.94
Mutation Taster		=0/100	disease causing (ClinVar)

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs28937594; hg19: chr9-36217396;