rs28938472

Variant names:

Your query was ambiguous. Multiple possible variants found:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points: 16P and 0B. PM2PM5PP3_StrongPP5_Very_Strong

The NM_000178.4(GSS):c.656A>G(p.Asp219Gly) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.0000136 in 1,613,760 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a pathogenic outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Likely pathogenic (★★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. D219A) has been classified as Likely pathogenic.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.000013 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000014 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

GSS
NM_000178.4 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:6

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.29

Variant links:

Genes affected

GSS (HGNC:4624): (glutathione synthetase) Glutathione is important for a variety of biological functions, including protection of cells from oxidative damage by free radicals, detoxification of xenobiotics, and membrane transport. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a homodimer to catalyze the second step of glutathione biosynthesis, which is the ATP-dependent conversion of gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine to glutathione. Defects in this gene are a cause of glutathione synthetase deficiency. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GSS links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Pathogenic. Variant got 16 ACMG points.

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PM5

Other missense variant is known to change same aminoacid residue: Variant chrnull-null-null-null is described in UniProt as null.

PP3

MetaRNN computational evidence supports a deleterious effect, 0.986

PP5

Variant 20-34936976-T-C is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr20-34936976-T-C is described in ClinVar as [Likely_pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 8531.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr20-34936976-T-C is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic].

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
GSS	NM_000178.4 link	c.656A>G	p.Asp219Gly	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 13	ENST00000651619.1	NP_000169.1	P48637-1V9HWJ1
GSS	NM_001322494.1 link	c.656A>G	p.Asp219Gly	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 13		NP_001309423.1	P48637-1V9HWJ1
GSS	NM_001322495.1 link	c.656A>G	p.Asp219Gly	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 13		NP_001309424.1	P48637-1V9HWJ1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
GSS	ENST00000651619.1 link	c.656A>G	p.Asp219Gly	missense_variant	Exon 7 of 13		NM_000178.4	ENSP00000498303.1		P48637-1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.0000132

AC:

AN:

151964

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.00000398

AC:

AN:

251476

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.00000736

AC XY:

AN XY:

135914

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00000879

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000137

AC:

AN:

1461796

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000151

AC XY:

AN XY:

727210

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.0000180

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.0000132

AC:

AN:

151964

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000135

AC XY:

AN XY:

74198

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.0000294

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Bravo

AF:

0.0000113

ExAC

AF:

0.00000824

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.00

EpiControl

AF:

0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:6

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Inherited glutathione synthetase deficiency

Pathogenic:2

Aug 25, 2019

Biochemical Molecular Genetic Laboratory, King Abdulaziz Medical City

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jan 13, 2020

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: GSS c.656A>G (p.Asp219Gly) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the Glutathione synthase, substrate-binding domain of the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 4e-06 in 251476 control chromosomes. c.656A>G has been reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with Glutathione Synthetase Deficiency (ie. Njalsson_2005, Corrons_2001, Shi_1996). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. One clinical diagnostic laboratory has submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. One laboratory classified the variant as pathogenic. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -

Glutathione synthetase deficiency without 5-oxoprolinuria

Pathogenic:1

Feb 01, 2001

OMIM

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: no assertion criteria provided

Collection Method: literature only

- -

Glutathione synthetase deficiency with 5-oxoprolinuria;C1856399:Glutathione synthetase deficiency without 5-oxoprolinuria

Pathogenic:1

Jan 23, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not provided

Pathogenic:1

Aug 30, 2023

GeneDx

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Observed with a second GSS variant on the opposite allele (in trans) in a patient with a mild form of glutathione synthetase deficiency in the published literature (Signolet et al., 2016); Published functional studies demonstrate a damaging, yet milder, effect than the other variants in the GSS gene included in this analysis (Njalsson et al., 2004); In silico analysis supports that this missense variant has a deleterious effect on protein structure/function; Not observed at significant frequency in large population cohorts (gnomAD); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 31589614, 15056072, 11167850, 5476481, 8896573, 27581854) -

Glutathione synthetase deficiency with 5-oxoprolinuria

Pathogenic:1

Feb 14, 2024

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces aspartic acid, which is acidic and polar, with glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 219 of the GSS protein (p.Asp219Gly). This variant is present in population databases (rs28938472, gnomAD 0.0009%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with glutathione synthetase deficiency (PMID: 8896573, 11167850, 15717202). It has also been observed to segregate with disease in related individuals. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 8531). Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) has been performed at Invitae for this missense variant, however the output from this modeling did not meet the statistical confidence thresholds required to predict the impact of this variant on GSS protein function. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects GSS function (PMID: 15056072). This variant disrupts the p.Asp219 amino acid residue in GSS. Other variant(s) that disrupt this residue have been determined to be pathogenic (PMID: 9215686). This suggests that this residue is clinically significant, and that variants that disrupt this residue are likely to be disease-causing. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.99

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.51

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.50

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.98

.;D;.;D;D;.

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.92

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.87

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

1.0

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.95

.;.;D;.;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.25

MetaRNN

Pathogenic

0.99

D;D;D;D;D;D

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.1

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.3

.;M;.;M;M;.

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.61

PROVEAN

Pathogenic

-6.4

.;D;.;.;.;D

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.96

Sift

Uncertain

0.0070

.;D;.;.;.;D

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.010

.;D;.;.;.;D

Polyphen

1.0

.;D;.;D;D;.

Vest4

0.99

MutPred

0.95

.;Loss of helix (P = 0.1706);Loss of helix (P = 0.1706);Loss of helix (P = 0.1706);Loss of helix (P = 0.1706);.;

MVP

0.99

MPC

0.92

ClinPred

0.98

GERP RS

5.9

Varity_R

0.93

gMVP

0.96

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over