rs28940883

chr1-23798160-T-C

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points: 2P and 0B. PM2

The NM_001008216.2(GALE):c.308A>G(p.Asp103Gly) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a non-conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00000205 in 1,461,840 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Uncertain significance (★). Another variant affecting the same amino acid position, but resulting in a different missense (i.e. D103Y) has been classified as Uncertain significance.

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: not found (cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.0000021 (0 hom.)
• Consequence: GALE NM_001008216.2 missense
• Clinical Significance: Uncertain significance criteria provided, single submitter P:1 U:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 2.03

Genes affected

GALE (HGNC:4116): (UDP-galactose-4-epimerase) This gene encodes UDP-galactose-4-epimerase which catalyzes two distinct but analogous reactions: the epimerization of UDP-glucose to UDP-galactose, and the epimerization of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine. The bifunctional nature of the enzyme has the important metabolic consequence that mutant cells (or individuals) are dependent not only on exogenous galactose, but also on exogenous N-acetylgalactosamine as a necessary precursor for the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Mutations in this gene result in epimerase-deficiency galactosemia, also referred to as galactosemia type 3, a disease characterized by liver damage, early-onset cataracts, deafness and cognitive disability, with symptoms ranging from mild ('peripheral' form) to severe ('generalized' form). Multiple alternatively spliced transcripts encoding the same protein have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 2 ACMG points.

• PM2: Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
GALE	NM_001008216.2	c.308A>G	p.Asp103Gly	missense_variant	5/12	ENST00000617979.5
GALE	NM_000403.4	c.308A>G	p.Asp103Gly	missense_variant	5/12
GALE	NM_001127621.2	c.308A>G	p.Asp103Gly	missense_variant	4/11

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
GALE	ENST00000617979.5	c.308A>G	p.Asp103Gly	missense_variant	5/12	1	NM_001008216.2	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes Cov.: 32

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.00000398 AC: 1 AN: 251426 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.00 AC XY: 0 AN XY: 135918

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.0000289

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.00000205 AC: 3 AN: 1461840 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.00000138 AC XY: 1 AN XY: 727228

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.0000224

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.0000504

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 genome Cov.: 32

ClinVar

Significance: Uncertain significance

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1

Revision: criteria provided, single submitter

Submissions by phenotype

UDPglucose-4-epimerase deficiency Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Jan 01, 1998	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Apr 20, 2023	Advanced modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) performed at Invitae indicates that this missense variant is not expected to disrupt GALE protein function. In summary, the available evidence is currently insufficient to determine the role of this variant in disease. Therefore, it has been classified as a Variant of Uncertain Significance. Experimental studies are conflicting or provide insufficient evidence to determine the effect of this variant on GALE function (PMID: 9973283, 11117433, 16302980). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 3678). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with galactose epimerase deficiency (PMID: 9538513). This variant is present in population databases (rs28940883, gnomAD 0.003%). This sequence change replaces aspartic acid, which is acidic and polar, with glycine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 103 of the GALE protein (p.Asp103Gly). -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Benign	0.15
BayesDel_addAF	Pathogenic	0.21	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.14
Cadd	Uncertain	25
Dann	Uncertain	1.0
DEOGEN2	Pathogenic	0.85	D;D;T;.;D;D
Eigen	Benign	0.0071
Eigen_PC	Benign	0.14
FATHMM_MKL	Uncertain	0.84	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.99	D;.;D;D;.;D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.092	D
MetaRNN	Uncertain	0.58	D;D;D;D;D;D
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.65	D
MutationAssessor	Benign	1.6	L;L;.;.;.;.
MutationTaster	Benign	0.87	A
PrimateAI	Uncertain	0.50	T
Sift4G	Benign	0.070	T;T;.;T;.;T
Polyphen		0.20	B;B;.;.;.;.
Vest4		0.73
MutPred		0.76		Gain of methylation at K100 (P = 0.0503);Gain of methylation at K100 (P = 0.0503);.;.;Gain of methylation at K100 (P = 0.0503);Gain of methylation at K100 (P = 0.0503);
MVP		0.88
MPC		0.31
ClinPred		0.64	D
GERP RS		4.8
Varity_R		0.70
gMVP		0.72

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.090		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs28940883; hg19: chr1-24124650;