rs28940889

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Likely pathogenic. Variant got 9 ACMG points: 10P and 1B. PM2PP5_Very_StrongBP4

The NM_002225.5(IVD):c.932C>T(p.Ala311Val) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000901 in 1,614,156 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, with no homozygous occurrence. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Pathogenic (★★).

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00073 ( 0 hom., cov: 33)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.00092 ( 0 hom. )

Consequence

IVD
NM_002225.5 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Pathogenic criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts P:17

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.36

Variant links:

Genes affected

IVD (HGNC:6186): (isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase) Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD) is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme that catalyzes the third step in leucine catabolism. The genetic deficiency of IVD results in an accumulation of isovaleric acid, which is toxic to the central nervous system and leads to isovaleric acidemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

IVD links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Likely_pathogenic. Variant got 9 ACMG points.

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP5

Variant 15-40415454-C-T is Pathogenic according to our data. Variant chr15-40415454-C-T is described in ClinVar as [Pathogenic]. Clinvar id is 100060.Status of the report is criteria_provided_multiple_submitters_no_conflicts, 2 stars. Variant chr15-40415454-C-T is described in Lovd as [Pathogenic]. Variant chr15-40415454-C-T is described in Lovd as [Likely_pathogenic].

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.2668892). . Strength limited to SUPPORTING due to the PP5.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
IVD	NM_002225.5 link	c.932C>T	p.Ala311Val	missense_variant	Exon 9 of 12	ENST00000487418.8	NP_002216.3	P26440A0A0A0MT83

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
IVD	ENST00000487418.8 link	c.932C>T	p.Ala311Val	missense_variant	Exon 9 of 12	1	NM_002225.5	ENSP00000418397.3		A0A0A0MT83

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000729

AC:

111

AN:

152200

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.000169

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.000262

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.000283

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00141

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.000478

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.000641

AC:

161

AN:

251360

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.000640

AC XY:

AN XY:

135866

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.000185

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.000376

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.000185

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00120

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.000815

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.000919

AC:

1344

AN:

1461838

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000925

AC XY:

673

AN XY:

727218

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.0000597

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.000425

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.0000116

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.000356

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00114

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.000629

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000729

AC:

111

AN:

152318

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000725

AC XY:

AN XY:

74480

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.000168

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.000261

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.000283

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.00141

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.000473

Alfa

AF:

0.000961

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000657

TwinsUK

AF:

0.00108

AC:

ALSPAC

AF:

0.00311

AC:

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.000681

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.000698

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000725

AC:

EpiCase

AF:

0.000763

EpiControl

AF:

0.000948

ClinVar

Significance: Pathogenic

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:17

Revision: criteria provided, multiple submitters, no conflicts

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

Pathogenic:9

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Myriad Genetics, Inc.	Nov 13, 2019	NM_002225.3(IVD):c.941C>T(A314V, aka A311V) is classified as pathogenic in the context of isovaleric acidemia. Please note that individuals with the A314V variant may have a mild form of isovaleric acidemia or may be asymptomatic. Sources cited for classification include the following: PMID 15486829, 15337167 and 9665741. Classification of NM_002225.3(IVD):c.941C>T(A314V, aka A311V) is based on the following criteria: This is a well-established pathogenic variant in the literature that has been observed more frequently in patients with clinical diagnoses than in healthy populations. Please note: this variant was assessed in the context of healthy population screening. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp	Dec 23, 2024	This sequence change replaces alanine, which is neutral and non-polar, with valine, which is neutral and non-polar, at codon 314 of the IVD protein (p.Ala314Val). This variant is present in population databases (rs28940889, gnomAD 0.1%), and has an allele count higher than expected for a pathogenic variant. This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with NBS or mild elevations of isovaleric acidemia-related metabolites and residual IVD enzyme activity (PMID: 15486829). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. This variant is also known as p.Ala282Val. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 100060). An algorithm developed to predict the effect of missense changes on protein structure and function (PolyPhen-2) suggests that this variant is likely to be disruptive. Experimental studies have shown that this missense change affects IVD function (PMID: 9665741). For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina	Apr 27, 2017	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Baylor Genetics	Mar 30, 2024	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Revvity Omics, Revvity	Sep 01, 2023	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Dec 03, 2024	Variant summary: IVD c.932C>T (p.Ala311Val) results in a non-conservative amino acid change in the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00064 in 251360 control chromosomes. This frequency is not significantly higher than estimated for a pathogenic variant in IVD causing Isovaleryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (0.00064 vs 0.0022), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.932C>T has been reported in the literature in multiple individuals affected with a milder/subclinical presentation of Isovaleryl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency/Isovaleric acidemia (IVA) (example, PMID: 27904153, 15486829, 9665741). These data indicate that the variant is very likely to be associated with disease. At least one publication reports experimental evidence evaluating an impact on protein function in vitro (PMID: 9665741). The most pronounced variant effect results in <3% of normal catalytic efficiency per mole of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) content and 19% of wild type Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD) enzyme activity. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 27904153, 15486829, 9665741). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 100060). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as pathogenic. -
Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided	literature only	OMIM	Dec 01, 2004	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics	Jan 08, 2024	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center	Jan 11, 2018	- -

not provided

Pathogenic:6

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Greenwood Genetic Center Diagnostic Laboratories, Greenwood Genetic Center	Oct 13, 2020	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics	Jan 11, 2017	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)	Aug 20, 2014	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Skane University Hospital Lund	May 27, 2022	- -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Dec 17, 2024	Reported in association with isovaleric acidemia (IVA) and has been found in a homozygous or compound heterozygous state with another IVD pathogenic variant in approximately two-thirds of newborns with IVA diagnosed by newborn screening (PMID: 15486829); Thus far, all of the newborns harboring A314V, including compound heterozygotes for this variant, have a mild biochemical phenotype and have remained asymptomatic with no or limited treatment (PMID: 15486829); Published functional studies demonstrate A314V results in reduced isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity compared to wild-type (PMID: 9665741); This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 26937393, 16602101, 27904153, 34535384, 25087612, 22995991, 15486829, 15337167, 22960500, 26018748, 31980526, 28631226, 29431110, 31707166, 34426522, 9665741, 33496032, 32977617, 37443404, 32778825) -
Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	CeGaT Center for Human Genetics Tuebingen	Sep 01, 2023	IVD: PM3:Strong, PM1, PM2, PP4, PS3:Supporting -

Inborn genetic diseases

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

Ambry Genetics

May 27, 2021

The c.941C>T (p.A314V) alteration is located in exon 9 (coding exon 9) of the IVD gene. This alteration results from a C to T substitution at nucleotide position 941, causing the alanine (A) at amino acid position 314 to be replaced by a valine (V). Based on data from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD) database, the IVD c.941C>T alteration was observed in 0.07% (184/282758) of total alleles studied, with a frequency of 0.12% (156/129130) in the European (non-Finnish) subpopulation. This alteration (referred to as A282V in some publications) has been reported in the homozygous and compound heterozygous states in many individuals with isovaleric acidemia (IVA) (Ensenauer, 2004; Lambrecht, 2015; Mütze, 2021; Szymaska, 2020; Tangeraas, 2020). Most patients are reported to have mild elevation of isovalerylcarnitine, but are clinically asymptomatic (Ensenauer, 2004; Lambrecht, 2015; Mütze, 2021). A few patients have been reported with a mild symptomatic form of IVA (Mütze, 2021; Szymaska, 2020). The p.A314 amino acid is conserved in available vertebrate species. When expressed in E. coli, this alteration was shown to result in a less stable protein which was catalytically less efficient as compared to wild-type (Mohsen, 1998). Biochemical studies using lymphocytes and fibroblasts from patients homozygous for this alteration showed accumulation of isovalerylcarnitine in the cell medium, but at levels lower than patients with other known pathogenic variants (Ensenauer, 2004). This alteration has also been shown to have diminished thermal stability (Nasser, 2004). The p.A314V alteration is predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Based on the available evidence, this alteration is classified as pathogenic. -

IVD-related disorder

Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Feb 16, 2024

The IVD c.941C>T variant is predicted to result in the amino acid substitution p.Ala314Val. This variant, which has also been described as 932C>T (A282V) in the literature, has been documented causative for isovaleric acidemia and has been reported to be associated with a more clinically mild phenotype or found in asymptomatic individuals identified by newborn screening (Mohsen et al. 1998. PubMed ID: 9665741; Ensenauer et al. 2004. PubMed ID: 15486829; Vockley and Ensenauer. 2006. PubMed ID: 16602101; Couce et al. 2017. PubMed ID: 27904153). In functional studies, the activity of the IVD enzyme with the p.Ala314Val substitution was reduced to <20% of wild-type (Mohsen et al. 1998. PubMed ID: 9665741). This variant is reported in 0.12% of alleles in individuals of European (Non-Finnish) descent in gnomAD. Taken together, this variant is interpreted as pathogenic. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Uncertain

0.49

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.18

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.48

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Pathogenic

1.0

DEOGEN2

Uncertain

0.67

.;.;D

Eigen

Uncertain

0.48

Eigen_PC

Uncertain

0.54

FATHMM_MKL

Uncertain

0.96

LIST_S2

Pathogenic

0.99

D;D;D

M_CAP

Uncertain

0.19

MetaRNN

Benign

0.27

T;T;T

MetaSVM

Benign

-0.34

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.74

PROVEAN

Benign

-1.7

N;N;N

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.89

Sift

Uncertain

0.0020

D;D;D

Sift4G

Uncertain

0.014

D;D;T

Vest4

0.80

MVP

0.96

MPC

0.64

ClinPred

0.14

GERP RS

5.4

RBP_binding_hub_radar

0.0

RBP_regulation_power_radar

1.7

Varity_R

0.77

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over