rs34878847

Variant names:

Variant summary

Our verdict is Uncertain significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points: 3P and 2B. PM2PP3BP4_Moderate

The NM_000372.5(TYR):c.665T>C(p.Ile222Thr) variant causes a missense change involving the alteration of a conserved nucleotide. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.000139 in 1,612,468 control chromosomes in the GnomAD database, including 1 homozygotes. In-silico tool predicts a benign outcome for this variant. Variant has been reported in ClinVar as Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity (no stars). Synonymous variant affecting the same amino acid position (i.e. I222I) has been classified as Likely benign.

Frequency

Genomes: 𝑓 0.00087 ( 0 hom., cov: 32)

Exomes 𝑓: 0.000063 ( 1 hom. )

Consequence

TYR
NM_000372.5 missense

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity criteria provided, conflicting classifications P:2U:4B:1

Conservation

PhyloP100: 7.58

Variant links:

Genes affected

TYR (HGNC:12442): (tyrosinase) The enzyme encoded by this gene catalyzes the first 2 steps, and at least 1 subsequent step, in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. The enzyme has both tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase catalytic activities, and requires copper for function. Mutations in this gene result in oculocutaneous albinism, and nonpathologic polymorphisms result in skin pigmentation variation. The human genome contains a pseudogene similar to the 3' half of this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

TYR links:

Genome browser will be placed here

ACMG classification

Classification made for transcript

Verdict is Uncertain_significance. Variant got 1 ACMG points.

PM2

Very rare variant in population databases, with high coverage;

PP3

Multiple lines of computational evidence support a deleterious effect 9: AlphaMissense, BayesDel_addAF, BayesDel_noAF, Cadd, Eigen, M_CAP, MutationAssessor, phyloP100way_vertebrate, REVEL [when max_spliceai, FATHMM_MKL, MetaRNN, MutationTaster was below the threshold]

BP4

Computational evidence support a benign effect (MetaRNN=0.2596565).

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	MANE	Protein	UniProt
TYR	NM_000372.5 link	c.665T>C	p.Ile222Thr	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 5	ENST00000263321.6	NP_000363.1	P14679-1L8B082
TYR	XM_011542970.3 link	c.665T>C	p.Ile222Thr	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 6		XP_011541272.1

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	Exon rank	TSL	MANE	Protein	Appris	UniProt
TYR	ENST00000263321.6 link	c.665T>C	p.Ile222Thr	missense_variant	Exon 1 of 5	1	NM_000372.5	ENSP00000263321.4		P14679-1
TYR	ENST00000526139.1 link	n.726T>C		non_coding_transcript_exon_variant	Exon 1 of 3	1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes

AF:

0.000868

AC:

132

AN:

152142

Hom.:

Cov.:

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR

AF:

0.00319

Gnomad AMI

AF:

0.00

Gnomad AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad MID

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH

AF:

0.00

GnomAD3 exomes

AF:

0.000176

AC:

AN:

250588

Hom.:

AF XY:

0.000170

AC XY:

AN XY:

135474

show subpopulations

Gnomad AFR exome

AF:

0.00271

Gnomad AMR exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad NFE exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad OTH exome

AF:

0.00

GnomAD4 exome

AF:

0.0000630

AC:

AN:

1460208

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.0000675

AC XY:

AN XY:

726282

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR exome

AF:

0.00252

Gnomad4 AMR exome

AF:

0.0000225

Gnomad4 ASJ exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN exome

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome

AF:

0.00000180

Gnomad4 OTH exome

AF:

0.0000829

GnomAD4 genome

AF:

0.000867

AC:

132

AN:

152260

Hom.:

Cov.:

AF XY:

0.000819

AC XY:

AN XY:

74440

show subpopulations

Gnomad4 AFR

AF:

0.00318

Gnomad4 AMR

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 EAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 SAS

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 FIN

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 NFE

AF:

0.00

Gnomad4 OTH

AF:

0.00

Alfa

AF:

0.000254

Hom.:

Bravo

AF:

0.000948

ESP6500AA

AF:

0.00273

AC:

ESP6500EA

AF:

0.00

AC:

ExAC

AF:

0.000255

AC:

ClinVar

Significance: Conflicting classifications of pathogenicity

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:2Uncertain:4Benign:1

Revision: criteria provided, conflicting classifications

LINK: link

Submissions by phenotype

not provided

Pathogenic:1Uncertain:1

Jan 13, 2025

Labcorp Genetics (formerly Invitae), Labcorp

Significance: Pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This sequence change replaces isoleucine, which is neutral and non-polar, with threonine, which is neutral and polar, at codon 222 of the TYR protein (p.Ile222Thr). This variant is present in population databases (rs34878847, gnomAD 0.3%). This missense change has been observed in individual(s) with oculocutaneous albinism (internal data). In at least one individual the data is consistent with being in trans (on the opposite chromosome) from a pathogenic variant. ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 499705). Invitae Evidence Modeling of protein sequence and biophysical properties (such as structural, functional, and spatial information, amino acid conservation, physicochemical variation, residue mobility, and thermodynamic stability) indicates that this missense variant is expected to disrupt TYR protein function with a positive predictive value of 95%. For these reasons, this variant has been classified as Pathogenic. -

Jan 05, 2017

Eurofins Ntd Llc (ga)

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

not specified

Uncertain:2

May 31, 2018

Genetic Services Laboratory, University of Chicago

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Jul 30, 2024

Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

Variant summary: TYR c.665T>C (p.Ile222Thr) results in a non-conservative amino acid change located in the Tyrosinase copper-binding domain (IPR002227) of the encoded protein sequence. Five of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00014 in 1612468 control chromosomes in the gnomAD database, including 1 homozygote. This frequency is not significantly higher than estimated for a pathogenic variant in TYR causing Oculocutaneous Albinism (0.00014 vs 0.0056), allowing no conclusion about variant significance. c.665T>C has been reported in the literature in at least one heterozygous individual affected with Oculocutaneous Albinism without detected second variant (e.g. Gao_2017). This report does not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Oculocutaneous Albinism. To our knowledge, no experimental evidence demonstrating an impact on protein function has been reported. The following publications have been ascertained in the context of this evaluation (PMID: 28451379, 23504663). ClinVar contains an entry for this variant (Variation ID: 499705). Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as uncertain significance. -

Oculocutaneous albinism type 1B;C2677190:SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION 3, LIGHT/DARK SKIN;C4551504:Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A

Pathogenic:1

Apr 08, 2024

Fulgent Genetics, Fulgent Genetics

Significance: Likely pathogenic

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Oculocutaneous albinism

Uncertain:1

Apr 28, 2017

Illumina Laboratory Services, Illumina

Significance: Uncertain significance

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

This variant was observed as part of a predisposition screen in an ostensibly healthy population. A literature search was performed for the gene, cDNA change, and amino acid change (where applicable). No publications were found based on this search. Allele frequency data from public databases did not allow this variant to be ruled in or out of causing disease. Therefore, this variant is classified as a variant of unknown significance. -

Oculocutaneous albinism type 1A

Benign:1

Jul 22, 2021

Genome-Nilou Lab

Significance: Likely benign

Review Status: criteria provided, single submitter

Collection Method: clinical testing

- -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

AlphaMissense

Pathogenic

0.78

BayesDel_addAF

Pathogenic

0.21

BayesDel_noAF

Pathogenic

0.53

CADD

Pathogenic

DANN

Uncertain

1.0

DEOGEN2

Pathogenic

0.98

Eigen

Pathogenic

0.74

Eigen_PC

Pathogenic

0.74

FATHMM_MKL

Pathogenic

0.98

LIST_S2

Uncertain

0.94

M_CAP

Pathogenic

0.49

MetaRNN

Benign

0.26

MetaSVM

Pathogenic

1.1

MutationAssessor

Pathogenic

3.5

PrimateAI

Uncertain

0.71

PROVEAN

Uncertain

-3.6

REVEL

Pathogenic

0.92

Sift

Uncertain

0.0020

Sift4G

Pathogenic

0.0010

Polyphen

0.81

Vest4

0.98

MVP

1.0

MPC

0.040

ClinPred

0.27

GERP RS

6.1

Varity_R

0.77

gMVP

0.93

Splicing

Name

Calibrated prediction

Score

Prediction

SpliceAI score (max)

0.0

Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Below is the list of publications found by LitVar. It may be empty.

Variant summary

Frequency

Consequence

Scores

Clinical Significance

Conservation

ACMG classification

Transcripts

RefSeq

Ensembl

Frequencies

ClinVar

Submissions by phenotype

Computational scores

Splicing

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over