rs35572355

Positions:

• chr16-68833344-G-A
• chr16-68833344-G-C
• chr16-68833344-G-T

Variant summary

Our verdict is Benign. Variant got -8 ACMG points: 0P and 8B. BS2 BS1

This summary comes from the ClinGen Evidence Repository: The c.2494G>A (p.Val832Met) variant has an allele frequency of 0.00175 (0.175%, 33/18,868 alleles) in the East Asian subpopulation of the gnomAD cohort (BS1). This variant has been observed in >10 individuals without a diagnosis of diffuse gastric cancer, signet ring tumor or lobular breast cancer and whose family histories do not suggest HDGC (BS2; internal laboratory contributors). In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as benign. ACMG/AMP criteria applied, as specified by the CDH1 Variant Curation Expert Panel (Variant Interpretation Guidelines Version 3.1): BS1, BS2. LINK:https://erepo.genome.network/evrepo/ui/classification/CA157969/MONDO:0007648/007

• Frequency:
  • Genomes: 𝑓 0.000085 (0 hom., cov: 32)
  • Exomes 𝑓: 0.00015 (1 hom.)
• Consequence: CDH1 NM_004360.5 missense
• Clinical Significance: Benign reviewed by expert panel P:3 U:4 B:11 O:1
• Conservation: PhyloP100: 8.13

Genes affected

CDH1 (HGNC:1748): (cadherin 1) This gene encodes a classical cadherin of the cadherin superfamily. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate the mature glycoprotein. This calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion protein is comprised of five extracellular cadherin repeats, a transmembrane region and a highly conserved cytoplasmic tail. Mutations in this gene are correlated with gastric, breast, colorectal, thyroid and ovarian cancer. Loss of function of this gene is thought to contribute to cancer progression by increasing proliferation, invasion, and/or metastasis. The ectodomain of this protein mediates bacterial adhesion to mammalian cells and the cytoplasmic domain is required for internalization. This gene is present in a gene cluster with other members of the cadherin family on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

ACMG classification

Verdict is Benign. Variant got -8 ACMG points.

Transcripts

RefSeq

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	MANE	UniProt
CDH1	NM_004360.5	c.2494G>A	p.Val832Met	missense_variant	16/16	ENST00000261769.10
CDH1	NM_001317184.2	c.2311G>A	p.Val771Met	missense_variant	15/15
CDH1	NM_001317185.2	c.946G>A	p.Val316Met	missense_variant	16/16
CDH1	NM_001317186.2	c.529G>A	p.Val177Met	missense_variant	15/15

Ensembl

Gene	Transcript	HGVSc	HGVSp	Effect	#exon/exons	TSL	MANE	Appris	UniProt
CDH1	ENST00000261769.10	c.2494G>A	p.Val832Met	missense_variant	16/16	1	NM_004360.5	P1

Frequencies

GnomAD3 genomes AF: 0.0000854 AC: 13 AN: 152144 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32

Gnomad AFR AF: 0.0000724

Gnomad AMI AF: 0.00

Gnomad AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS AF: 0.00135

Gnomad SAS AF: 0.000207

Gnomad FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad MID AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE AF: 0.0000294

Gnomad OTH AF: 0.00

GnomAD3 exomes AF: 0.000167 AC: 42 AN: 251488 Hom.: 0 AF XY: 0.000228 AC XY: 31 AN XY: 135918

Gnomad AFR exome AF: 0.0000615

Gnomad AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad ASJ exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad EAS exome AF: 0.00169

Gnomad SAS exome AF: 0.000131

Gnomad FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad NFE exome AF: 0.0000527

Gnomad OTH exome AF: 0.00

GnomAD4 exome AF: 0.000153 AC: 223 AN: 1461892 Hom.: 1 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.000165 AC XY: 120 AN XY: 727248

Gnomad4 AFR exome AF: 0.0000299

Gnomad4 AMR exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ exome AF: 0.0000383

Gnomad4 EAS exome AF: 0.00431

Gnomad4 SAS exome AF: 0.000174

Gnomad4 FIN exome AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE exome AF: 0.0000279

Gnomad4 OTH exome AF: 0.0000497

GnomAD4 genome AF: 0.0000854 AC: 13 AN: 152262 Hom.: 0 Cov.: 32 AF XY: 0.000107 AC XY: 8 AN XY: 74432

Gnomad4 AFR AF: 0.0000722

Gnomad4 AMR AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 ASJ AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 EAS AF: 0.00135

Gnomad4 SAS AF: 0.000207

Gnomad4 FIN AF: 0.00

Gnomad4 NFE AF: 0.0000294

Gnomad4 OTH AF: 0.00

Alfa AF: 0.000208 Hom.: 0

Bravo AF: 0.0000529

ESP6500AA AF: 0.000227 AC: 1

ESP6500EA AF: 0.000116 AC: 1

ExAC AF: 0.000239 AC: 29

Asia WGS AF: 0.00173 AC: 6 AN: 3478

EpiCase AF: 0.0000545

EpiControl AF: 0.0000593

ClinVar

Significance: Benign

Submissions summary: Pathogenic:3 Uncertain:4 Benign:11 Other:1

Revision: reviewed by expert panel

Submissions by phenotype

Hereditary diffuse gastric adenocarcinoma Pathogenic:1 Uncertain:1 Benign:3

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center	Aug 07, 2018	- -
Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	European Reference Network on Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN-GENTURIS), i3s - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto	Aug 01, 2022	BS1; BS2 (PMID: 30311375) -
Likely pathogenic, criteria provided, single submitter	reference population	Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical Center	Mar 18, 2016	- -
Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Mendelics	Aug 22, 2023	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Invitae	Jan 21, 2024	- -

Hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome Uncertain:1 Benign:3

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Color Diagnostics, LLC DBA Color Health	Jun 21, 2017	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	curation	Sema4, Sema4	Mar 11, 2021	- -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneKor MSA	Aug 01, 2018	- -
Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Ambry Genetics	Jan 16, 2019	This alteration is classified as likely benign based on a combination of the following: seen in unaffected individuals, population frequency, intact protein function, lack of segregation with disease, co-occurrence, RNA analysis, in silico models, amino acid conservation, lack of disease association in case-control studies, and/or the mechanism of disease or impacted region is inconsistent with a known cause of pathogenicity. -

not specified Benign:2 Other:1

Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital	Aug 15, 2023	- -
Benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Women's Health and Genetics/Laboratory Corporation of America, LabCorp	Dec 18, 2020	Variant summary: CDH1 c.2494G>A (p.Val832Met) results in a conservative amino acid change located in the Cadherin, cytoplasmic domain of the encoded protein sequence. Four of five in-silico tools predict a damaging effect of the variant on protein function. The variant allele was found at a frequency of 0.00022 in 253888 control chromosomes, predominantly at a frequency of 0.0017 within the East Asian subpopulation in the gnomAD database. The observed variant frequency within East Asian control individuals in the gnomAD database is approximately 60 fold of the estimated maximal expected allele frequency for a pathogenic variant in CDH1 causing Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer phenotype (2.8e-05), strongly suggesting that the variant is a benign polymorphism found primarily in populations of East Asian origin. c.2494G>A, has been reported in the literature in individuals affected with Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (Yabuta_2002, Kim_2017), Breast Cancer (Schrader_2011, Rummel_2017, Siraj_2017), Lynch Syndrome (Yurgelun_2015), and Pancreatic Cancer (Shindo_2017, Ohmoto_2015). A publication, Yabuta_2002, reports the variant to segregate with disease in a HDGC family. Furthermore, a tumor obtained from a patient with this variant harbored a CDH1 promoter hypermethylation as a second hit leading to somatic loss of heterozygosity (Oliveira_2009). These report(s) do not provide unequivocal conclusions about association of the variant with Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer. At-least two co-occurrences with other pathogenic variant(s) have been observed (Siraj_2017-FANCI c.2737C>T, p.Q913X; our laboratory-BRCA2 c.5576_5579delTTAA, p.Ile1859fs), providing supporting evidence for a benign role. Multiple functional studies showed no significant effect of this variant on cell mobility and cell invasion (Suriano_2003), interaction with alpha/beta catenin (Bajpai_2008), cell surface expression, EGFR signaling, and beta catenin binding (Mateaus_2009, Yabuta_2002, Curtis_2007). In addition, Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) variant curation expert panel (VCEP) recently classified this variant as benign (Lee_2018). Ten clinical diagnostic laboratories and one expert panel (ClinGen CDH1 Variant Curation Expert Panel) have submitted clinical-significance assessments for this variant to ClinVar after 2014 without evidence for independent evaluation. Multiple submitters reported the variant with conflicting assessments (likely benign, n=3, benign, n=1). Several submitters cite overlapping evidence utilized in the context of this evaluation. Based on the evidence outlined above, the variant was classified as benign. -
not provided, no classification provided	reference population	ITMI	Sep 19, 2013	- -

not provided Uncertain:1 Benign:1

Likely benign, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	GeneDx	Sep 13, 2019	This variant is associated with the following publications: (PMID: 12216071, 26759166, 28004449, 26692440, 20373070, 29050249, 16924464, 19268661, 22850631, 24055113, 24728327, 17668349, 12944922, 17261850, 16600987, 25388006, 25856671, 25637381, 17545690, 20233471, 26150395, 20921021, 16787116, 28503720, 14500541, 19269290, 26049741, 25980754, 22470475, 19017792, 29231860, 28975465, 28767289, 29522266, 29929997, 29752822, 16112667, 21989054, 19247957, 31159747, 31892987, 32426482) -
Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter	clinical testing	Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute San Juan Capistrano	Dec 27, 2019	- -

Neoplasm of stomach Pathogenic:1

Likely pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

research

CSER _CC_NCGL, University of Washington

Jun 01, 2014

- -

DIFFUSE GASTRIC AND LOBULAR BREAST CANCER SYNDROME Pathogenic:1

Pathogenic, no assertion criteria provided

literature only

OMIM

Oct 10, 2002

- -

Hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome Uncertain:1

Uncertain significance, criteria provided, single submitter

research

Cancer Genomics Group, Japanese Foundation For Cancer Research

May 01, 2019

- -

CDH1-related disorder Benign:1

Benign, criteria provided, single submitter

clinical testing

PreventionGenetics, part of Exact Sciences

Jan 21, 2020

This variant is classified as benign based on ACMG/AMP sequence variant interpretation guidelines (Richards et al. 2015 PMID: 25741868, with internal and published modifications). -

CDH1-related diffuse gastric and lobular breast cancer syndrome Benign:1

Benign, reviewed by expert panel

curation

ClinGen CDH1 Variant Curation Expert Panel

Aug 10, 2023

The c.2494G>A (p.Val832Met) variant has an allele frequency of 0.00175 (0.175%, 33/18,868 alleles) in the East Asian subpopulation of the gnomAD cohort (BS1). This variant has been observed in >10 individuals without a diagnosis of diffuse gastric cancer, signet ring tumor or lobular breast cancer and whose family histories do not suggest HDGC (BS2; internal laboratory contributors). In summary, this variant meets criteria to be classified as benign. ACMG/AMP criteria applied, as specified by the CDH1 Variant Curation Expert Panel (Variant Interpretation Guidelines Version 3.1): BS1, BS2. -

Computational scores

Source: dbNSFP v4.3

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
AlphaMissense	Pathogenic	0.93
BayesDel_addAF	Uncertain	0.10	D
BayesDel_noAF	Pathogenic	0.37
CADD	Pathogenic	32
DANN	Pathogenic	1.0
DEOGEN2	Uncertain	0.55	D;T;.
Eigen	Pathogenic	0.97
Eigen_PC	Pathogenic	0.92
FATHMM_MKL	Pathogenic	0.99	D
LIST_S2	Pathogenic	0.99	D;D;D
M_CAP	Uncertain	0.10	D
MetaRNN	Benign	0.091	T;T;T
MetaSVM	Uncertain	0.53	D
MutationAssessor	Pathogenic	3.4	M;.;.
MutationTaster	Benign	1.0	D;D
PrimateAI	Pathogenic	0.86	D
PROVEAN	Uncertain	-2.5	N;.;N
REVEL	Pathogenic	0.74
Sift	Pathogenic	0.0	D;.;D
Sift4G	Uncertain	0.0020	D;D;D
Polyphen		1.0	D;.;.
Vest4		0.69
MVP		0.94
MPC		0.91
ClinPred		0.35	T
GERP RS		6.0
RBP_binding_hub_radar		0.0
RBP_regulation_power_radar		1.7
Varity_R		0.64
gMVP		0.80

Splicing

Name	Calibrated prediction	Score	Prediction
SpliceAI score (max)		0.0		Details are displayed if max score is > 0.2

Find out detailed SpliceAI scores and Pangolin per-transcript scores at spliceailookup.broadinstitute.org

Publications

LitVar

Other links and lift over

dbSNP: rs35572355; hg19: chr16-68867247; COSMIC: COSV105851905;